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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"The secondary assessment, simply states, is where we find out ___________________." |
What is wrong with the patient Ch. 14, pg. 333 |
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"The secondary assessment is performed after __________ and _____________." |
-Scene size-up -Primary assessment Ch. 14, pg. 334 |
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"The secondary assessment has three basic components:" |
-Physical examination -Patient history -Vital signs Ch. 14, pg. 334 |
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SAMPLE mnemonic |
-Signs and symptoms -Allergies -Medications -Pertinent past medical history -Last oral intake -Events Ch. 14, pg. 336 |
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OPQRST mnemonic |
-Onset -Provocation and palliation -Quality -Region (also relief according to book) -Severity -Time Ch. 14, pg. 337 |
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Respiratory System Exam |
-Work of breathing and position -Pedal and sacral edema -Lung sounds -Pulse oximetry Ch. 14, pg. 340 |
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Respiratory Specific History |
-Dyspnea on exertion -Orthopnea -Weight gain Ch. 14, pg. 340 |
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Cardiovascular System Exam |
-Check pulse (presence/rate/regularity) -Skin color/temperature/condition -Blood pressure -Orthostatic blood pressure changes -JVD Ch. 14, pg. 340 |
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Neurologic System Exam |
-Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (other other approved scale) -Pupils -Monitoring mental status changes over time Ch. 14, pg. 341 |
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Endocrine System Exam |
-Blood glucose monitoring -Skin color/temperature/condition -Breath odors -Excessive hunger, thirst, or urination -Pupils -Monitoring mental status changes over time Ch. 14, pg. 341 |
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Diabetes Specific History |
-Oral intake -Medication history/use -Recent illness Ch. 14, pg. 341 |
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GI/GU System Exam |
-Palpation of abdominal quadrants Ch. 14, pg. 341 |
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GI/GU Specific History |
-Input/output amount and frequency -Question or observe for bright red or digested blood in vomit, stool, or urine -Menstrual history and pregnancy where appropriately Ch. 14, pg. 341 |
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"There are two main elements to the nervous system examination. The first has to do with __________...The second major component of the nervous system examination is _____________." |
-Mental status -Examination of the body for signs of dysfunction Ch. 14, pg. 345 |
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"When assessing the gastrointestinal system, we generally look at ___________, _____________, and ________________." |
-What has gone in -What has come out -What it looks like when it comes out Ch. 14, pg. 347 |
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"The immune system can cause a number of physical problems, but the most relevant for EMS is ______________." |
The allergic reaction Ch. 14, pg. 348 |
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"The musculoskeletal system is most commonly injured by ___________." |
Trauma Ch. 14, pg. 349 |
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T/F: Try to ask patients closed-ended questions |
False Ch. 14, pg. 355 |
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Additional history for shortness of breath |
-Cough -Fever or chills -Dyspnea on exertion -Weight gain (indicates fluid) -Have a prescribed bronchodilator? Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Additional history for chest pain or discomfort |
-Have prescribed nitroglycerin? -Taking aspirin? Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Additional history for mental status changes or neurologic complaints |
-Headache -Seizure Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Additional history for allergic reactions (involves components of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems) |
-Time of exposure -Time of symptom onset Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Additional history for abdominal pain |
-Fever -Nausea and vomiting -Diarrhea or constipation -Blood in vomit or feces; may be bright red (fresh) or dark (digested) -Menstrual history Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Additional history for altered mental status with a diabetic history |
-Oral intake -Medication history -History of recent illness -Excessive hunger, thirst, or urination Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Physical exam for shortness of breath |
-Lung sounds (presence and quality) -Wheezing -Work of breathing and position -Pulse oximetry (oxygen saturation) Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Physical exam for chest pain or discomfort |
-Skin color, temperature, and condition -Blood pressure -Pulse (including strength and regularity) -Lung sounds (presence and equality) -Jugular vein distention -Ankle edema -Oxygen saturation Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Physical exam for mental status changes or neurologic complaints |
FAST (Face-Arm-Speech-Test) Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Physical exam for allergic reactions (involves components of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems) |
-Stinger -Hives (urticaria) -Lung sounds (presence and equality) -Face and neck edema -Oxygen saturation Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Physical exam for abdominal pain |
Inspect and palpate all four quadrants of the abdomen Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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Physical exam for altered mental status with a diabetic history |
-Blood glucose monitoring -Skin color, temperature, and condition -Mental status -Unusual breath odors Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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"...the most important time to check the pupils is _____________________." |
When the patient's eyes are closed Ch. 14, pg. 359 |
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Six questions that should be asked of bystanders |
1. What is the patient's name? 2. What happened? 3. Did you see anything else? 4. Did the patient complain of anything before this happened? 5. Does the patient have any known illnesses or problems? 6. Is the patient taking any medications? Ch. 15, pg. 361 |
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"In general, what you should try to find out in the history of the present illness for a trauma patient is:" |
-The nature of the force involved -The direction and strength of the force -Equipment used to protect the patient -Actions taken to prevent or minimize injury -Areas of pain and injuries resulting from the incident Ch. 14, pg. 367 |
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DCAP-BTLS mnemonic |
-Deformities -Contusions -Abrasions -Punctures/penetrations -Burns -Tenderness -Lacerations -Swelling Ch. 14, pg. 356 |
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A fall is considered significant for an adult when: |
The fall was greater than 20 feet Ch. 14, pg. 373 |
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A fall is considered significant for a child (less than 15 years) when: |
The fall was greater than 10 feet or 2-3 times the patient's height Ch. 14, pg. 373 |
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An auto crash is considered high-risk if: |
-Intrusion was <12 in. on the occupant side or >18 in. on any side -Ejection (partial or complete) from automobile -Death in same passenger compartment -Vehicle telemetry data consistent with high risk of injury Ch. 14, pg. 373 |
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Auto versus ___________ crashes are automatically considered significant |
Pedestrians or bicyclists who are thrown, run over, or hit with at least 20 mph Ch. 14, pg. 373 |
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Motorcycle crashes of a speed of _______ or greater are automatically considered significant |
20 mph Ch. 14, pg. 373 |
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When performing a physical assessment of the head, check for _________________________. |
-Wounds -Tenderness -Deformity -Crepitation Ch. 14, pg. 379 |
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When performing a physical assessment of the neck, check for _________________________. |
-Wounds -Tenderness -Deformity -Jugular vein distention -Crepitation Ch. 14, pg. 379 |
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When performing a physical assessment of the chest, check for _________________________. |
-Wounds -Tenderness -Deformity -Paradoxial motion -Crepitation -Breath sounds (present, absent, equal) Ch. 14, pg. 379 |
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When performing a physical assessment of the abdomen, check for _________________________. |
-Wounds -Tenderness -Deformity -Firmness -Softness -Distention Ch. 14, pg. 379 |
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When performing a physical assessment of the pelvis, check for _________________________. |
-Wounds -Tenderness -Deformity -Pain -Tenderness -Motion Ch. 14, pg. 379 |
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When performing a physical assessment of the extremities, check for _________________________. |
-Wounds -Tenderness -Deformity -Distal circulation, sensation, and motor function Ch. 14, pg. 379 |
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When performing a physical assessment of the posterior, check for _________________________. |
-Wounds -Tenderness -Deformity Ch. 14, pg. 379 |
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Name four things you should repeat during reassessment |
-Primary assessment -Vital signs -Physical exam related to the patient's chief complaint or injuries -Checking of response to interventions Ch. 14, pg. 393 |
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Definition: closed-ended question |
A question requiring only a 'yes' or 'no' answer Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: crepitation |
The grating sound or feeling of broken bones rubbing together Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: detailed physical exam |
An assessment of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities, and posterior of the body to detect signs and symptoms of injury. It differs from the rapid trauma assessment only in that it also includes examination of the face, ears, eyes, nose, and mouth during the examination of the head. Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: diagnosis |
A description or label for a patient's condition that assists a clinician in further evaluation and treatment Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: differential diagnosis |
A list of potential diagnoses compiled early in the assessment of the patient Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: distention |
A condition of being stretched, inflated, or larger than normal Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: history of the present illness (HPI) |
Information gathered regarding the symptoms and nature of the patient's current concern Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: jugular vein distention (JVD) |
Bulging of the neck veins Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: medical patient |
A patient with one or more medical diseases or conditions Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: open-ended question |
A question requiring more than just a 'yes' or 'no' answer Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: OPQRST |
A memory aid in which the letters stand for questions asked to get a description of the present illness: onset, provocation, quality, radiation, severity, time Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: paradoxical motion |
Movement of a part of the chest in the opposite direction to the rest of the chest during respiration Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: past medical history (PMH) |
Information gathered regarding the patient's health problems in the past Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: priapism |
Persistent erection of the penis that may result from spinal injury and some medical problems Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: rapid trauma assessment |
A rapid assessment of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, extremities, and posterior of the body to detect signs and symptoms of injury Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: reassessment |
A procedure for detecting changes in a patient's condition. It involves four steps: repeating the primary assessment, repeating and recording vital signs, repeating the physical exam, and checking interventions Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: SAMPLE |
A memory aid in which the letters stand for elements of the past medical history: signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading to the injury or illness Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: sign |
Something regarding the patient's condition that you can see Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: stoma |
A permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: symptom |
Something regarding the patient's condition that the patient tells you. Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: tracheostomy |
A surgical incision held by a metal or plastic tube Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: trauma patient |
A patient suffering from one or more physical injuries Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
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Definition: trending |
Changes in a patient's condition over time, such as slowing respirations or rising pulse rate, that may show improvement Ch. 14, pg. 410 |
