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157 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
an animal that is dehydrated before surgery may require a ___ because ___ of the cell volume occurs after rehydration |
blood/plasma tranfusion; dilution |
|
you are monitoring a cat who is recovering from a spay procedure. unfortunately, the veterinarian suspects that this patient is hemorraging from the surgery site. which of the following procedures may be needed at this point |
abdominocentesis |
|
it is your first day of work, and you are checking on a hospitalized patient. you see the phrase "monitor for strangulation" in the medical report. strangulation refers to |
loss of the intestinal blood supply with devitalization and possible intestinal perforation, which is seen in conjunction with some hernias |
|
indications of postoperative pain include a |
increased heart rate |
|
seromas that form postoperatively can be treated with all of the following except |
ablation |
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postoperative incision infection and cellulitis can both be treated with |
warm compressess and systemic antibiotics |
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all of the following can contribute to wound dehiscence and evisceration except |
surgical debridement |
|
is caused by serum seeping through a bandage and into the external environment |
strike-through |
|
is the condition of an abnormally thickened portion of the articular cartilage |
osteochondrosis |
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the classic signs of gastric dilation volvulus (GDV) include all of the following except |
straining to defecate |
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all of the following procedures require the use of shredded paper instead of litter for several days postoperatively except |
dental surgery |
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when a large section of intestine has become necrotic, it is necessary to perform ___ and ___ |
resection; anastomosis |
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you are sending two patients home from the hospital today. one had routine sterilization, and the other one had a large benign tumor removed from the throat. both animals will require ____ days of restricted activity |
10 to 14 |
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moe, a labrador retiever, is brought to the hospital with a thoracolumbar disk that has already ruptured, and moe is having difficulty walking. after talking with the owner, the veterinarian decides to perform ____ to alleviate compression on the spinal cord |
hemilaminectomy |
|
a surgeon removes a devialized section of intestine and then performs a |
anastomosis |
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pyometra, metritis, and endometrial hyperplasia may be treated with a |
ovariohysterectomy |
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the most common late postoperative complication of ____ is stricture, generally manifested as stranguira |
urethrostomy |
|
an accumulation of purulent secretions and fluid within the lining of the uterus is termed |
pyometra |
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is the method of amputation in which the bone is cut and all or a portion of the bone is removed |
ostectomy |
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the term that describes false pregnancy is |
pseudocyesis |
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as a complication of celiotomy, your patient experiences ____, a temporary loss of intestinal motility |
ileus |
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swelling and infection along tissue planes in a postoperative incision that may be red, warm and associated with elevated body temperature may be a sign of |
cellulitis |
|
extrusion or exposure of organs from the abdominal cavity is called |
evisceration |
|
as you monitor your postsurgical patient, you are aware that packed cell volume (PCV) and total protein (TP) values can drop up to ___ due to anesthesia and surgery, even if no blood loss occurs |
10% |
|
soft tissue pain typically last ___days following surgery |
4 to 5 |
|
if a bandage is too tight, it can result in ___ compromise and skin ____ |
vascular; death |
|
tail docking and dewclaw removal in a puppy should occur between days |
3 to 5 |
|
is incision into the intestine |
enterotomy |
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an incision into the urinary bladder to expose the lumen or interior of the bladder is a |
cystotomy |
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is the removal of both testicles |
orchidectomy |
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which of the following incisions could be made at the ventral midline, paracostal plane, parapreputial plane, or flank |
celiotomy |
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before a patient is ready to be sent home after surgery, the veterinarian technician must take responsibility for educating the owner about what is needed for the animal's continued recovery. which of the following considerations can help guide the technician in educating the owner at the time of discharge |
all of the above |
|
the use of elastrator bands to perform castration of calves has been associated with the development of |
tetanus |
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young foals who are still nursing are sometimes held off feed for ___ hours before surgery |
1 to 2 |
|
a caudal epidural provides loss of sensation to the |
perineal area |
|
what bandage is used to assist with hemostasis during surgery of the limb |
esmarch bandage |
|
myositis is damage to or inflammation of |
muscle |
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in acute laminitis in the horse, digital pulses are |
bounding |
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you are nursing solitaire, a horse recovering from small-intestinal surgery performed yesterday. at 10pm on saturday night, you discover solitaire covered in sweat, with evidence of frequent rolling in her stall. why does a horse like solitaire, with a buildup of fluid in her stomach, experience such pain |
horses cannot vomit to relieve the gastic pressure |
|
what type of hernia is congenital and common in foals |
umbilical |
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mesh may be used in the repair of which type of larger hernias |
incisional |
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one of the most common surgeries performed in the horse is |
castration |
|
perineal surgery is performed in mares with |
rectovaginal tears |
|
true breech in horse is defined as ___ presentation of the foal |
tail-first |
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when bandaging, casting, or splinting a fracture in a horse, you need to make sure that which of the following occurs |
place the bandage, cast, or splint at least one joint above the injury |
|
major fractures of long bones are best repaired with |
screws and bone plates |
|
severe angular limb deformities may be corrected by |
surgery |
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laminitis rarely occurs in horses of less than ____ years of age |
1 |
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if a horse is severely lame in one foot only, the patient should be assessed for |
subsolar abscess |
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a horse requires orthopedic surgery. how is the limb prepared for surgery |
clip the hair and perform an aseptic surgical scrub |
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unless otherwise instructed, a ___ surgery pack should be set up for a cesarean section |
colic |
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the veterinary technician must use caution when handling mares immediately after caudal epidural anesthesia because |
the mare's rear legs are uncoordinated |
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the operation performed on some mares' vulvas to prevent air and feces from entering the vagina is known as the |
caslick operation |
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what surgical item is designed specifically for castration |
emasculators |
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postoperative care of the equine castration patient involves |
strict stall confinement for 24 hours and then hand walking once or twice a daily for 1 to 2 weeks to promote drainage |
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what hernia type requires immediate examination by a veterinarian |
scrotal hernia in an adult stallion |
|
bone spavin, high and low ringbone, and osselets are terms that all apply to different forms of |
arthritis |
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what disease is frequently treated with arthroscopy |
osteochondrosis (cartilage abnormalities in young, growing horses) |
|
the nerves blocked when performing paravertebral anesthesia are |
T13, L1 and L2 |
|
the anatomic landmarks used when performing distal paravertebral anesthesia are transvere process of |
L1, L2 and L4 |
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for most orthopedic surgeries, ____ should be placed in the operating room in addition to the standard surgery supplies |
radiographs of the affected limb |
|
horses undergoing surgery lying down are particularly prone to ___ damage during the procedure |
muscle |
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the majority of colic surgeries are performed with the horses |
in the dorsal recumbent position |
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arthroscopic instruments to be used more than once per day are most often ___ between procedures |
cold sterilized |
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what condition in the postoperative orthopedic patient wearing a limb bandage or cast should be brought to the attention of the veterinarian immediately |
a dramatic change in the horse's use of the limb |
|
although always important, to ensure success, ___ is generally more closely regarded in orthopedic surgery than in soft tissue surgery |
asepsis |
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for which condition is treatment is being described? "one technique involves placement of two or three vertical mattress sutures in the lower lid to roll the lid margin out." |
entropion |
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life-threatening upper respiratory tract obstruction can be alleviated on an emergency basis by |
tracheostomy |
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when removing horn buds with a dehorning iron, what is one serious side effect of leaving the iron on too long |
thermal meningitis |
|
extirpation refers to removal of |
all of the contents of the bony orbit |
|
preparation of the bovine patient that will be going under general anesthesia should include the removal of food ___ hours before anesthesia |
36 to 48 |
|
the majority of abdominal surgical procedures in the bovine patient may be performed via a ___ incision in the ___ patient |
flank; standing |
|
what is the required treatment for abomasal volvulus |
immediate surgical intervention |
|
septic arthritis in calves may be treated with |
polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads implanted subcutaneously near the infected joints |
|
you discover advanced infection in a cow with an infected claw. claw amputation will be performed using |
IV retrograde analgesia |
|
in cows, what are the main weight-bearing claws |
front medial and hind lateral claws |
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the veterinarian is treating a cow with dystocia using a left-flank approach. after closure, the uterus is lavaged and replaced within the abdomen before routine closure of the laparotomy site. now, to initiate uterine involution, __ is given |
oxytocin |
|
calves dehorned after 6 months of age are at greater risk of developing |
sinusitis |
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a mare requires the removal of a nondieseased ovary. the veterinarian determines that the best method for this is through a flank incision or via an incision in the vaginal wall. this procedure is called a |
colpotomy |
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the patient's accumulation of ___ plaque was a sign of possible periodontitis |
subgingival |
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what species has radicular hypsodont teeth |
horses |
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which of the following is not a common presenting problems of horses with severe dental disease |
quidding |
|
the magnetostrictive scaler |
uses a tip that moves in an elliptical pattern with energy dispersion providing vibrations on all surfaces |
|
male horses usually have four canine teeth that |
erupt at about 4 to 6 years of age |
|
makes up the supporting structure of the teeth |
periodontium |
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internal oral examination includes everything except |
checking the ears |
|
what does the term CUPS refer to |
chronic ulcerative paradental stomatitis |
|
the folds of the upper palate are referred to as |
rugae |
|
for accurate readings, it is essential for the technician to develop skills in consistent probing forces to use between __ g of pressure |
10 to 20 |
|
attrition refers to wear |
from teeth contacting teeth |
|
most dental radiology machines operate at ___ kVp |
60 to 70 |
|
the basic techniques for positioning dental radiographs are |
bisecting angle, parallel, and occlusal |
|
the two types of ultrasonic scalers include |
magnetostrictive and piezoelectric |
|
which instrument can be either universal or area specific depending on the angulation of the face of the blade |
curet |
|
when sharpening hand instruments, the angle between the stone and the face should be approximately ___ degrees |
110 |
|
an osteoconductive material will |
act as a scaffold for new bone cells to traverse a defect |
|
the VOHC is the veterinary |
oral health council |
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which of the following file types is less likely to break within the canal during filing |
K-files |
|
sight hound breeds have what head type |
dolichocephalic |
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you have just made an impression in dental stone to make a postitive image of the mouth. the complete setting time for stone is __ hours |
1 to 2 |
|
squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately ___ of oral tumors in cats |
70% |
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a patient has an oral inflammation that extends beyond the mucogingival junction. based on this fact, the veterinarian will most likely explain to the client that the animal has |
stomatitis |
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is the facial morphology in which the upper jaw is wider than the lower jaw |
anisognathism |
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which of the following nerve blocks has the potential to result in unkowing self-trauma to the tounge |
inferior alveolar |
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a patient is diagnosed with ___, which is a deviation of the incisivebone, maxilla, and nasal septum laterally from the midline |
wry nose |
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when performing a dental occlusion evaluation of a dog or cat, the shape of the skull must be evaluated. a narrow skull and long maxilla are found in ___ breeds |
dolicocephalic |
|
the ___ is an organization that consist of technicians who have completed a credentials process and passed a specialty examination |
academy of veterinary dental technicians (AVDT) |
|
using the modified triadan numbering system, what number would be assigned to the left maxillary third incisor |
203 |
|
which of the following statements about the advantages and disadvantages of tooth polishing methods is not true |
polishing veterinary mouths help build up enamel, which turn protects the tooth substance |
|
deterioration in physical and mental condition, organ function, and immunity are found in |
aging animals |
|
the young adult life stage includes |
7 month old to 6 years old cats |
|
though interrelated factors cause variations, overall, for both cats and dogs, most veterinarians start monitoring a pet for health issues related to their senior years at around age ___ years |
7 |
|
which of the following is a common concern in geriatric patients |
neoplasia |
|
in a cat, increased appetite with concurrent weight loss is a sign of |
hyperthyroidism |
|
tachycardia, tachypnea, and elevated temperature are all signs of |
pain |
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management of aged horses include hoof care (trimming) every __ weeks |
4 |
|
management of aged horses include having teeth floated every ___ months |
6 |
|
recumbent patients should be turned every ___ hours |
4 to 6 |
|
the most common short- term feeding tube is the ___ tube |
nasoesophageal |
|
aging, smaller-breed dogs are more likely to develop ___ than either larger-breed dogs or aging cats |
chronic valvular disease |
|
which of the following clinical signs is not likely to be secondary to cardiac disturbances |
all of them can be secondary to heart disease, especially in the geriatric patient |
|
which of the following is not a common recommendation for easing patient discomfort associated with degenerative joint disease |
help underweight patients gain weight to improve bone density as this is the most common cause of DJD in aging cats and dogs |
|
increased appetite, or ___, is associated with diabetes mellitus |
polyphagia |
|
in cushing disease, elevated glucocorticoid levels inhibit ___ function and diminish their ability to adequately protect against infection, primarily of the skin and urinary tract |
neutrophil |
|
part of your responsibilities in animal hospice care is to prevent decubital ulcers by encouraging each animal to stand and walk at least every __ hours |
4 to 6 |
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a patient being given intravenous fluids exhibits swollen front limbs; you speculate that the fluids are being administered too far forward in the ___ area, allowing the fluid to settle ventrally into the legs |
scruff |
|
a client caring for a geriatric pet at home asks for guidance in performing bladder expression. you direct the client to place one hand on each side of the patient's abdomen, move the hands caudally to locate the bladder, and then |
apply gentle pressure directed toward the rear of the patient |
|
the most permanent type of feeding tube is the ___ tube |
gastrostomy |
|
a large geriatric dog still has good quality of life but has little to no function of his hind limbs. his owner would like to give him as much mobility as possible, so you suggest a |
cart |
|
the veterinarian has just diagnosed a geriatric appaloosa with equine recurrent uveitis, complicated by the corneal ulcer. her primary treatment of choice for this patient might well be |
topical antimicroial plus atropine |
|
you advise a client to regularly clip his older horse because geriatric horses with an overlong hair coat |
experience all of the above |
|
which of the following is characteristic of the hair of a horse who is exhibiting hirsutism |
long and wavy |
|
which of the following is not a chronic problem in aging horses |
absence of a heave line |
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which of the following does not fit with this statement: " companion animals have taken on larger roles in people's support systems because" |
it is harder to give up an animal to humane societies today |
|
what percent of our companion animals live indoor |
80 |
|
the number of people in the over the 60 year age group has increased to greater than ___ of the population |
16% |
|
of the greater than 72 million families that own one pet, about ___ of the owners describe their pets as family members |
one-third |
|
as of 2010, ___ of households in the united states owned at least one pet |
72% |
|
percent of pet owners classify their attachment to their pets as strong |
fifty |
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the levels of attachment vary for each pet owner. these relationships may be perceived as stronger when which of the following aspects is present |
owners believe they have rescued the animal from certain death |
|
the loss of a pet for many owners is made worse by which of the following |
the pet is grieved soley by the owner |
|
the most important factor in euthanasia of large animals is |
safety |
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the __ stage of grief is a normal defense mechanism that buffers humans from unbearable reality |
denial |
|
seeking to replace a pet that has died without grieving at all is a form of |
bargaining |
|
may be exhibited in the form of guilt |
anger |
|
anger is difficult for a grieving owner to work through, but ___ may be the hardest thing for the client to relinquish |
guilt |
|
if a client experiences ___ in response to intense grief, it can prevent them from functioning normally |
depression |
|
if severe depression is suspected in a grieving client, it is best for the veterinary professional to refer the client to |
a counselor or hotline |
|
the most common reason a pet owner decides to have a pet euthanized is |
suffering of the animal |
|
the number of clients who change veterinarians after a pet has died is about |
40% |
|
the number one reason a client may change veterinarians after the euthanasia of their pet is |
the lack of care and concern on the part of the veterinarian and staff |
|
the best way to discuss euthanasia with a client is to use terms such as |
painless death |
|
the most important aspect of the euthanasia is |
communication |
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when the client will be present for the euthanasia, it is best to place a intravenous catheter. the best placement would be in the |
back leg |
|
when using an intaperitoneal injection of euthanasia solution, death may take as long as __ minutes to occur |
15 |
|
the best way to help hospital staff deal with the stress of euthanasia is |
a discussion with colleagues |
|
in the united states, the ___ is the organization that issues and monitors the use of barbiturates in medical settings |
Drug enforcement agency (DEA) |