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89 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what makes up the chordamesoderm field
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notochord and paraxial mesoderm
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what do notochord induce
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neural plate (neuralectoderm)
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what does neural plate give rise to
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neural grooves and folds
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the ______ unite to form the neural tube
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neural folds
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which closes first the rostral or caudal neural tube
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rostral
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what does the wall of the neural tube produce
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neural and glial elements of CNS
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what does the neural canal become
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central canal and ventricular system
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what is excluded from the neural tube
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neural crest
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what does the ______epithelium do in the neural tube prior to closure?
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pseudostratified, expands
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what does the pseudostratified epithelium of the neural tube do after tube closure
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gives rise to blast cells
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what zone produces blast cells
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Ependymal (ventricular) zone
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what does the ependymal (ventricular) zone line
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neural canal
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blast cells accumulate peripheral to ependymal zone to from _______ layer
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mantle
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what does the mantle layer give rise to
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cellular elements of CNS- where blast cells differentiate
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what to neuroblasts become
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motor neurons (somatic and visceral), interneurons
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what do gliablasts become
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fibrous and protoplasmic astrocytes, oligodendroglia,
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purpouse of astrocytes
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BBB
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purpose of olgiodendroglia
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produce CNS myelin
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what are microglia from and what do they invade
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mesenchyme, invade with vessels
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what are the fiber (axon) tracts in the marginal layer derived from
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neuroblasts of mantle layer
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what happens to ependymal zone after proliferation of blasts ceases
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become adult ependyma- epithelium that lines ventriuclar system and ventricular canal
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what does neural crest give rise to?
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PNS-related derivitives (spinal ganglia, autonomic ganglia, Schwann cells etc.)
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what myelinates in CNS
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oligodendroglia
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where does the spinal cord begin
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cervical region
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when does spinal cord get some sensory columns
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mid-fetal life
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when does spinal get motor columns
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begin near term go to 1st postnatal year
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when does brain develop
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from mid-fetal life to adolescence
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what lines the neural (central) canal
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ependyma
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where is the roof plate in the SC
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dorsal midline
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where is the floor plate in the SC
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ventral midline
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the sulcus limitans it eh groove in the ______ wall of the _______ _____
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lateral, neural canal
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what happens to the alar plates in the mantle layer
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become dorsal gray columns
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what happens to the basal plates in the mantle layer
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become ventral gray columns
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what do the ventral gray columns include
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somatic motor neurons, visceral motor neurons (preganglionic autonomics)
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3 functional aspects of the dorsal gray columns
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internuncials, commissurals, tract fibers
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what is a neuron with an axon from alar to basal plate, in the simple reflex arch
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internuncial
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where do the commissural neurons run
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from alar to contralateral basal plate-across midline
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where do tract fibers run
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ascending/descending in marginal layer- normall ascends b/c sensory going to brain, goes in white matter b4 ascends
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what are the 2 types of spinal nerve afferents that terminate on alar plate
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somatic afferents (GSA) and visceral afferents (GVA)
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what are the 2 types of spinal nerve efferents derived from basal plate
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somatic efferents ((G)SE), Visceral efferents (GVE)-T1-L2, Sympathetic, S2-4 Parasympatethic
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spinal nerves are composites of fibers assoc w/ up to how many nuclei
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4
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GVE=
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autonomic
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what are the 3 primary vesicles
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procesncephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
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what are the secondary vesicles from the procesncephalon
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telenchephalon, diencephalon
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what does the telencephalon become and what is its lumen
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cerebrum, lateral ventricles
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what is the ventricle of the diencephalon
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3rd ventricle
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what does the mesencephalon become and what is its lumen
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cerebral aqueduct
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what are the secondary vesicles of the rhombencephalon
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metencephalon and myelencephalon
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what does the metencephalon become and what is its lumen
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pons/cerebellum, 4th ventricle
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what does the myelencephalon become and what is its lumen
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medulla, 4th ventricle
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where is the mesencephalic flexure and what is it related to
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ventral, mesencephalon
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where is the cervical flexure and what is it related to
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ventral, jxn between myelencephalon and cervical cord
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where is the pontine flexure
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dorsal, jxn between metencephalon and myelencephalon
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what is the lamina terminalis
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closure of the rostral neuropore
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where does the sulcus limitans end
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at mesencephalon
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what forms sensory nuclei of cranial nerves
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alar plate
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what froms motor nuclei of cranial neres
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basal plate
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how are relay nuclei formed
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migration of neurons
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what are the 4 basic functional components of cranial nerves
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GSA (general sensation-ectoderm), GVA (general sensation-endoderm), (G)SE (motor n to skeletal m), GVE (cranial part of parasympatethics
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what are the special sense afferent components of the cranial nerves
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SSA (sight & sound), SVA (olfaction and taste)
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What is the cranial nerve components that is not one of the 4 basics oran afferent special sense
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SVE- branchial arch musculature
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what is formed from the alar plate in the myelencephalon
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inferior olivery nucleus
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what nuclei are formed in the myelencephalon and metencephalon
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cranial n. nuclei
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what is formed from the alar plate in the pons of the metencephalon
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pontine nuclei
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what does alar plate migration form in the cerebellum of the metencephalon
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rhombic lips, deep cerebellar nuclei, cortex
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what do rhombic lips give rise to
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cerebellar plate
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what does the alar plate form in the mesencephalon
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tectal nuclei
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what does the basal plate form in the mesencephal
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red nucleu and substantia nigra
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what contains the interventricular foramen, lamina terminalis and optic chiasm
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diencephalon
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what does the mantle layer give rise to in the diencephalon
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epithalamus (habenula, pineal), thalamus, hypothalamus, mammillary bodies, infundibulum
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Telencephalon contains ____- hemispheres, _____ ventricles, _____ lobes and _____ horns of lateral ventricles
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cerebral, lateral,a temporal, inferior
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mantle layer migration in telencephalon gives rise to what
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cortex
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mantle layer of telencephalon gives rise to what
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corpus striatum (telencephalic nuclei)
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corpus striatum growth parallels C-shape growth of ________
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telencephalon
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what do the fibers that divide the corpus striatum form
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the internal capsule
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what does the internal capsule unite and when
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walls of telencephalon and diencephalon (midfetal life)
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the lamina terminalis is related to what commissure
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anterior commussure
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the corpus callosum (related to lamina terminalis) has _____ fibers that parrallel what
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commissural fibers, C-shape growth of telencephalon
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what does the pachymeninx form
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dura mater, dural venous sinuses
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what do leptomeninges form
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pia, arachnoid, subarachnoid space
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where is the lumbar cistern
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vertebral level at which spinal cord ends rises as vertebrae and meninges grow
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the lumbar cistern is an area of _____ space related to lower nerve roots below the level of the cord
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subarachnoid
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what is tela choroidea
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vascular pia + ependyma
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what does tela choroidea give rise to and what does that produce
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choroid plexus, CSF
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choroid plexus of 3rd ventricle is made from the roof plate of the_______
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diencephalon
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Telencephalon: the choroid plexus protrudes into the _______ of the ______ ventricles
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choroid fissures of the lateral ventricles
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where is the choroid plexus of the 4th ventricle
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roof plate
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what is purpose of foramina of Lushka and MAgendia
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circulation CSF from within CNS to subarachnoid space
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Arachnoid villi: arachnoid epithelium covered by ____ _____- projects into ____ _____ _____
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sinus endothelium, dural venous sinuses
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