Elizabeth Key Topic 1

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Elizabeth I

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Ruled England from 1558-1603. Was the 2nd cousin of Mary Queen of Scot's and daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn.

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Virgin Queen

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Elizabeth never married or had any children. She didn't want to share power.

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Government

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This was made up of rich nobles and clergy. They advised the monarch. The most influential part was the Privy Council.

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Tudor

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Name of group of Monarchs starting with Henry VII and finishing with Elizabeth I.

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Religion

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This was divided during Elizabeth's reign, Protestants were in the South and Catholics were in the North.

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Protestant

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They are Christians who don't believe that the Pope is the head of the church. They believe in simple church services in English and simply decorated churches.

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Catholic

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They are Christians who see the Pope as the Head of the church and as God's representative on earth. They had Mass in Latin and brightly decorated churches. They didn't like Elizabeth as she was Protestant.

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Puritan

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They were extreme Protestants. They didn't believe the Pope was the head of the church and didnt like that Elizabeth had made herself the head of the church in the Act of Supremacy.

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Taxation

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Elizabeth used this to get money. She taxed wealthy people in her country to try to pay off the £300,000 debt that had been left by her sister Bloody Mary.

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Financial Problems

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Elizabeth's sister Mary had run debts of £300,000 up from expensive wars with France.

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Religious Settlement

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1559- Elizabeth's Reformation (changes) of religion. Changed church services, the appearance of churches and made herself head of the church.

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Act of Supremacy

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Made Elizabeth the Supreme Governor of the Church- made churches independent from the Pope.

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Act of Uniformity

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Made all churches the same- Book of Common prayer was to be used for all services and was written in English.

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Royal Injunctions

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Laws created to enforce the Religious Settlement. Everyone had to attend church on Sunday or face fines and clergy had to get a special licence from the government.

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Vestments

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Highly decorated religious robes worn by Catholic priests. Part of the Act of Uniformity- was seen as a compromise for Catholics by Elizabeth.

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Clergy

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Religious person- priest, Bishop.

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Catholic Nobility

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Rich and powerful land owners who lived in the North of England. Didn't have as much power since Elizabeth's reign- had the Northern Rebellion.

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Papal Opposition

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The Pope was against Elizabeth's England as it was Protestant.

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Abdicated

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When a ruler is forced to leave their country and position and is not allowed to return- this happened to Mary Queen of Scot's in Scotland.

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France

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Threat to England. Catholic country. Had a previous war with England in 1562. Bigger population than England.

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Spain

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Threat to England. Catholic Country. King was Phillip II who had been married to Elizabeth's sister. Stopped trading with England in protest at England's Protestant churches/ Elizabeth's leadership.

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Dutch Revolt

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Group of Catholic Spanish people leave Spain- led by Alba they take over the Netherlands and rebel forcing them to become Catholic. Elizabeth believes this could spread to England and is threatened.

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Mary Queen of Scots

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Elizabeth's 2nd cousin. Catholics believe she has a legitimate claim to the English throne- not Elizabeth who's mother married Henry VIII after a divorce. See as a major threat.

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Treaty of Edinburgh 1560

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Mary Queen of Scots is forced to sign this when she returns to Scotland from France after the death of her husband. Forced to sign it by Protestant Lords. It says she gives up her claim to the English throne.

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Monarch

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Another name for the King or Queen.

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England

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Country that was religiously divided. Mainly Catholics and Protestants.

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Foreign Policy

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The name given to how a country treats others and how they interact with other countries e.g. trade, wars.

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Northern Rebellion

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Catholic Earls of Northumberland and Westmoreland attempt to free Mary and replace her for Elizabeth. They hold Mass at Durham Cathedral before being defeated by Elizabeth's army and flee to Scotland/ some are killed.

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Excommunication

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When the Pope does not allow someone in the Catholic religion.