Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
phoneme |
any of the perceptually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another |
|
echoism |
onomatopoeia |
|
phonological awareness |
ability to perceive sound structures in a spoken word, such as syllables and the individual phonemes within syllables **auditory skill, does not necessarily involve print |
|
onset sounds |
initial consonant or consonant cluster of the word |
|
rime |
the vowel and consonants that follows the onset sound |
|
closed syllable |
ends in a consonant |
|
open syllable |
ends in a vowel |
|
VCe syllable |
Also known as "magic e" syllable patterns, VCe syllables contain long vowels spelled with a single letter, followed by a single consonant, and a silent e. Examples of VCe syllables are found in wake, whale, while, yoke, yore, rude, and hare. |
|
WIDA taxonomy levels |
entering emerging developing expanding bridging |
|
components of reading frequency |
rate, accuracy, prosody
|
|
language load |
number of unrecognizable words an ELL encounters when reading a passage or listening to a teacher
|
|
what qualifies as independent reading level |
97% accuracy |
|
second grade readers at the beginning of the year should read how many words per minute? regular 2nd grade reading is tracked at what speed? |
50-80 words
85 words |
|
what qualifies as instructional reading level |
1 minute, 90-95% accuracy per 10 words |
|
levels of reading |
independent instructional frustration |
|
prosody |
phonetic term that uses meter, rhythm, tempo, pitch and loudness in a speech for conveying information about the meanings and structure of an utterance |
|
stages of writing development |
pre-literate (scribbles to mock letters) emergent (strings of letters to environmental print) transitional (letter/word representation to medial letter sounds) fluent (beginning phrase writing to six traits of writing) |
|
complex sentence |
at least one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause |
|
compound sentence |
two or more independent clauses |
|
consonant blends |
groups of two or three consonants in words that makes a distinct consonant sound, such as "bl" or "spl." |
|
consonant digraphs |
2-letter consonant blends |
|
effective way to teach vocab |
initial exposure to word is indirect |
|
early contributions of Egypt |
writing, Nile produced fertile soil for lots of growing |
|
early contributions of Greece |
democracy, architecture, modern theatre, math/science/meds, philosophy |
|
early contributions of Rome |
republic, unified set of laws, skilled civil service, well disciplined army, roads *known for peace and governing far-flung regions well |
|
WWI |
Central Powers vs Allies Woodrow Wilson said neutral, Germany torpedoed Lutisania (boat), Wilson declared war -assassination, pulled people in due to treaties -Geneva Convention to set up rules of war following WWI |
|
Treaty of Versailles & League of Nations |
peace treaty from WWI, Germany had to claim responsibility, reassigned German boundaries Germany paid reparations under the Dawes & Young Plans... essentially tanked economy. Hitler came to power by remilitarizing the country and providing jobs |
|
WWII |
Allied (rest of world) and Axis Powers (Germany Italy Japan) America neutral until Pearl Harbor (Although provided munitions through Lend-Lease program) *whole country focused on war, brought America out of 1930s Depression. Women worked in factories, lived on rations, men went to war |
|
Cold War |
lots of threats and bomb-making, no actual war aside from Korean War (US supported S Korea, China supported N Korea) |
|
lost generation |
generation of men that came to maturity during and after WWI |
|
Truman Doctrine & McCarthy trials |
policy to protect free people against oppression and communism McCarthy trials... witch hunts for communists in US |
|
Iroquois & Sioux native Americans |
initially helped settlers |
|
Aztec |
pyramids, maize |
|
Mayans |
calendars, star mapping |
|
Manifest Destiny |
the 19th-century doctrine or belief that the expansion of the US throughout the American continents was both justified and inevitable. |
|
Sons of Liberty: led by, what did they do |
led by Sam Adams, an organization of American colonists that was created in the Thirteen American Colonies. The secret society was formed to protect the rights of the colonists and to fight taxation by the British government. They played a major role in most colonies in battling the Stamp Act in 1765. |
|
Boston Massacre |
British soldiers opened fire on American protestors, killed five people |
|
Boston tea party, who did it |
Sons of Liberty and others dressed as Indians |
|
1st Continental Congress |
developed grievances and recommended actions against Britain |
|
Shot Hear Round the World
|
official start of American Revolution |
|
2nd Continental Congress
|
ratified 13 colonies, established Army, appointed Washington as General
passed Declaration of Independence |
|
Common Sense |
Thomas Payne, propaganda calling for independence |
|
Treaty of Paris |
ended Revolution, granted independence to colonies and gave them rights to the territories |
|
Articles of Confederation |
failed miserably, gave federal gov't no power |
|
Constitutional Convention year |
1787-1789 |
|
Bill of Rights |
1791 first 10 amendments to the constitution |
|
republicanism |
ideology of being a citizen in a state as a republic (rather than as a monarchy or dictatorship) under which the people hold popular sovereignty |
|
federalism |
mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional governments in a single political system. |
|
Gettysburg Address |
"Four score and seven years ago" glorified pep talk for Northern soldiers in Civil War |
|
Yosemite Valley formation Grand Canyon |
glaciers Colorado river? |
|
life in Athens vs Sparta |
Athens - knowledge, intellectual Sparta - war-based society |
|
Islam in African history |
Muhammed sent disciples to Africa on first Hijra |
|
Admiral Perry |
forced Japan to trade with the US, Western powers were looking for new markets for exports, etc |
|
How did Spanish conquer Aztec & Inca? |
Played nice at first, once they got sick, used superior weapons and armor to defeat them |
|
Scientific Revolution, big ideas |
followed Renaissance in Europe; heliocentrism, gravity, alchemy |
|
Marbury v Madison |
judicial review, defined boundary between separate executive and judicial branches |
|
immigration timeline |
Chinese & Japanese *after WWI laws limited immigration Germans |
|
Brown v Board |
said that separate but equal segregated schools was constitutional |
|
UCA v Bakke |
upheld affirmative action, racial quotas were impermissable |
|
cultural pluralism |
individual ethnic groups have a right to exist on their own terms within the larger society while retaining their unique cultural heritages |
|
feudalism |
the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service |
|
Magna Carta |
charter agreed between King and group of rebellious Barons... promised the protection of church rights, protection for the barons from illegal imprisonment, access to swift justice, and limitations on feudal payments to the Crown |
|
Mayflower Compact |
on the ship Mayflower on November 11, 1620, was the first written framework of government established in what is now the United States |
|
If president dies.... |
V Pres Speaker of House President pro tempore of the Senate Secretary of State |
|
Thomas Hobbes |
artificial character of political order, natural equality of all men |
|
order of taxonomic levels, King.. |
King Philip Came Over For Green Soup |
|
Monroe Doctrine |
policy that warned European powers that warned European powers to stop claiming rights to Central America, we agreed to not meddle with standing colonies |
|
Missouri Compromise |
11 free states, 11 slave states.... any new states, had to be one of each. wanted to balance power |
|
Louisiana Purchase |
Thomas Jefferson. Midwest. $15 million. |
|
13th amendment |
slavery illegal |
|
20th amendment |
women could vote |
|
14th amendment |
all persons born in the US are citizens, have equal rights |
|
15 amendment |
couldn't deny right to vote based on race |
|
1st amendment |
freedom of religion |
|
2nd amendment |
right to bear arms |
|
3rd amendment |
soldiers quartering |
|
4th amendment |
unreasonable search or seizure |
|
5th amendment |
plead the fifth, double jeopardy |
|
6th amendment |
speedy public trial |
|
7th amendment |
trial by jury |
|
8th amendment |
excessive bail or cruel punishment |
|
9th amendment |
maintains rights that are not specifically enumerated |
|
10th amendment |
powers not prohibited by constitution are reserved to the states |
|
total number of amendments at this point |
27 |