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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intracellular Electrolytes
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Potassium, Magnesium and Chloride
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Extracellular Electrolytes
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Sodium, Calcium and Phosphorus
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Sodium Function
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"Maintain extracellular volume and water balance
Aids to transmit nerve impulses" |
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"Hypernatremia
Causes" |
"How Hot, Humid or Dry a Day is Saturday?
Hyperglycemia (osmotic diureses) Hypercalcemia (D/T polyuria) High Aldo (Adrenal tumor) Dehydration DI Salt Water Intake" |
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"Hypernatremia
Clinical manifestations" |
Same as dehydration including ALOC
|
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"Hypernatremia
Interventions" |
"Administer hypotonic IV
Neuro checks/ pulm. assessment to prevent overcorrection Monitor urine and serum osmo and serum Na+" |
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"Hyponatremia
Causes" |
"Diaphoresis and plain water hydration
SIADH Low Aldo-(Adrenal insuff) Na levels fall" |
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"Hyponatremia
Clinical manifestations" |
"""Twitch, Twitch, Seize, Seize, Chevostek and Trousseau""
Abd cramps Usually accompanied by fluid volume overload" |
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"Hyponatremia
Interventions" |
"Administer hypertonic IV
Diuretics " |
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"Potassium
Function" |
"Cellular metabolism
Transmission of neuromuscular impulses Supports cardiac cycle Acid base balance" |
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"Hypokalemia
Causes" |
"GLAD-H
GI Losses Low Mag Alkalosis Diuretics High Aldo" |
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"Hypokalemia
Clinical manifestations" |
"It's Nauseating and Paralyzing Indeed,
Ur Low Long Appendage Impaired muscle contraction incl. N/V & Paralysis (Ileus) EKG changes: U waves, Low ST and T waves, Long QTI and Arrythmias " |
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"Hypokalemia
Interventions" |
"Replacement
" |
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"Hyperkalemia
Causes " |
"CART4-H
Cellular Destruction Acidosis Renal Disease Too much KCL, b-blockers, digoxin, NSAIDS Hypoaldosterone (Adrenal insuff)- Na can't be retained K can't be excreted" |
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"Hyperkalemia
Clinical manifestations" |
"Ascending paralysis, twiching, cramping, weakness, N/V, diarrhea, oliguria, numbness, tingling
EKG changes: ""Low heart rate, ST and a flat or low P. Wide QRS (BBB), PR and a really high T. Short QT and Arrythmi""" |
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"Hyperkalemia
Interventions" |
"Glucose and insulin
Bicarbonate Calcium Kayexalate" |
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"Calcium
Function" |
"Formation of bone and teeth
Blood clotting Myocardial contractility Nerve impulse conduction (suppressant effect)" |
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"Calcium
Regulation" |
"Vitamin D
Parathyroid" |
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"Hypocalcemia
Causes" |
"(same as high phos)
STRADL4 HM Sepsis Thiazide Renal dz (Kidneys activate Vit D) Alkalosis Diarrhea Low PTH, mag, albumin or Vit D High Phos Massive transfusion" |
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"Hypocalcemia
Clinical Manifestations" |
"""Twitch, Twitch, Seize, Seize, Chevostek and Trousseau""
""Anxiously Bleeding while Wheezing with a low BP and a long QT/ST""" |
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"Hypocalcemia
Interventions" |
Oral or IV calcium (NEVER IM CALCIUM)
|
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"Hypercalcemia
Causes" |
"MR. P.L2. TOTBRAH3
Malignancy Renal dz Paget's Low phos and aldo Tb Osteo Thiazide Bedrest Rhabdo Alkalosis High PTH, A or D" |
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"Hypercalcemia
Clinical Manifestations" |
"(same as low phos)
SF LUVS NC BOY PT Stones Fractures Lethargy Ulcers Vomiting Short QT/blocks Neuromuscular decrease Confusion Blood clotting increase Polyuria Thirst" |
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"Hypercalcemia
Interventions" |
"Normal Saline
Loop diuretics (Thiazide diuretics may ^ ca++) Oral Phosphates Parathyroidectomy Mitromycin/ Plicamycin Calcitonin Steroids (Decrease GI absorbtion of ca++)" |
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"Magnesium
Functions" |
"Nerve impulse conduction
Chemical metabolism Cardiac conduction " |
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"Hypomagnesemia
Causes" |
"Even Good Brains Die If Drugs Are Taken Regularly
ETOH GI loss Blood transfusion Diuretics Infection Digoxin ATBX Trauma Renal dz" |
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"Hypomagnesemia
Clinical manifestations" |
"""Twitch, Twitch, Seize, Seize, Chevostek and Trousseau""
Confusion and Agitation Same EKG changes as with low K Causes low K, low ca" |
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"Hypomagnesemia
Interventions" |
Replacement
|
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"Hypermagnesemia
Causes" |
"Overdose on mg or meds containing mg
Renal failure" |
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"Hypermagnesemia
Clinical Manifestations" |
"Lethargy
Slow/Weak pulse Low BP Decreased tonicity Low RR Heart block" |
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"Hypermagnesemia
Interventions" |
Dialysis
|
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"Acidosis
Clinical Manifestations" |
"Vasoconstriction/Increased ICP
Lethargy Stupor High RR Shift to the Right" |
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"Acidosis
Causes" |
"METABOLIC: DKA, Lactic acidosis, Renal disease
RESPIRATORY: Hypoventilation (COPD, drug OD)" |
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"Alkalosis
Causes" |
"METABOLIC: GI loss, diuretics, high aldosterone
RESPIRATORY: Hyperventilation" |
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"Alkalosis
Clinical Manifestations" |
"Vasodialation
Twitching N/V Confusion Shift to the Left" |