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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Intracellular fluid |
2/3 of fluid is here (about 25 liters) inside the cells |
|
extracellular fluid |
interstitial space (10-12 liters) in between cells plasma volume (3.5-6 liters) |
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transcellular |
any fluid made by epithelial tissue. Ex: saliva, gastric fluid, synovial fluid, etc... |
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mEq |
unit used for concentration of electrolytes |
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cations |
positive electrolytes. Ex: Na, K, Ca, and Mg |
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anions |
negative electrolytes. Ex: Cl, HCO3, PO4 |
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Diffusion |
passive movement of electrolytes or other PARTICLES going from areas of higher concentration to lesser concentration |
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Osmosis |
Water moving TO areas of higher concentration |
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Saline |
salt and water |
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NS |
normal saline (0.9% saline) |
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insensible |
unaware |
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Filtration |
movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to lower pressure |
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active transport |
movement of ions against osmotic pressure TO an area of higher pressure. Requires ATP. Ex: sodium-potassium pump |
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fluid distribution |
movement of fluid among its various compartments |
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fluid intake includes... |
foods, drinks, I.V. fluids |
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fluid output (normally) |
skin, lungs, GI tract, and kidneys |
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fluid output (abnormally) |
vomiting, wound drainage, and hemorrhaging |
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isotonic solutions |
no change to cells Ex: NS, D5W, and LR (lactated ringers) |
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hypotonic solutions |
cell, or tissue, swells (mostly for burn victims) 1/2 or 1/4 strength saline |
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hypertonic solutions |
cell, or tissue, shrinks (mostly head injuries) 3% saline |
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albumin |
major plasma protein |
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what can cause low albumin levels? |
liver or kidney failure |
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furosomide |
lasix, diuretic |
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diaphoretic |
sweaty (clammy) |
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carbonic acid (H2CO3) |
comes from CO2 |
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metabolic acid |
lactic and citric acid |
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hypovolemia |
low blood volume, often used when discussing ECV deficit |
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serum |
has no cells, it's the water part of blood |
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lungs excrete which acid? |
carbonic acid, or (H2CO3) |
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all other acids are excreted by __________ |
kidneys |
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acid production and excretion should be _____ |
equal |
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buffers |
any chemical that tries to regulate pH |
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name 4 buffers |
main one is bicarbonate, also hemoglobin, protein, and phosphate |
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bases _________ hydrogen |
take an extra |
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acids __________ hydrogen |
need to get rid of |
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blood pH level |
7.35-7.45 |
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ATP |
adenosin triphosphate, your body's energy |
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bicarbonate levels |
arterial: 22-26 venous: 24-30 |
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Na |
sodium |
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hypernatremia |
high sodium in blood |
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hyponatremia |
low sodium in blood |
|
avg. Na levels |
135-145 |
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K |
potassium |
|
avg. K levels |
3.5-5 |