Elbow Wrist And Hand Pathology

Front 1

movements of humeroradial & humeroulnar joints

Back 1

flexion, extension

Front 2

movements of radioulnar joint

Back 2

pronation, supination

Front 3

ligaments in the elbow

Back 3

ulnar collateral, radial collateral, annular

Front 4

functions of collateral ligments

Back 4

add side to side stability

Front 5

function of annular ligament

Back 5

surround head of radius

Front 6

action of muscles of anterior forearm

Back 6

flexors, pronators

Front 7

action of muscles of posterior forearm

Back 7

extensors, supinators

Front 8

Olecranon bursitis history

Back 8

falling on the tip of elbow, very painful

Front 9

Olecranon bursitis observations

Back 9

visible deformity, contained swelling like a water balloon

Front 10

Olecranon bursitis palpation

Back 10

severe point tenderness, swelling can’t be “milked”

Front 11

Olecranon bursitis treatment

Back 11

RICE, may need to refer for aspiration

Front 12

valgus force

Back 12

from lateral side

Front 13

varus force

Back 13

from medial side

Front 14

ulnar collateral ligament sprain history

Back 14

valgus force, usually from repetitive motion; can be from hyperextension

Front 15

radial collateral ligament sprain history

Back 15

varus force; can be from hyperextension

Front 16

medial epicondylitis

Back 16

golfers elbow, racquetball elbow or pitchers elbow, tendonitis of flexors

Front 17

medial epicondylitis history

Back 17

repetitive forced flexion of the wrist

Front 18

medial epicondylitis observation

Back 18

weakness, swelling

Front 19

medial epicondylitis palpation

Back 19

point tenderness

Front 20

lateral epicondylitis

Back 20

tennis elbow, tendonitis of extensors

Front 21

lateral epicondylitis history

Back 21

repetitive wrist extension

Front 22

lateral epicondylitis observation

Back 22

weakness, swelling

Front 23

lateral epicondylitis palpation

Back 23

point tenderness

Front 24

lateral epicondylitis treatment

Back 24

RICE, strap for smaller injury, stretch, strengthen using eccentric contractions

Front 25

elbow dislocation history

Back 25

hyperextension from fall on extended arm, usually posterior movement of radius and ulna

Front 26

elbow dislocation observation

Back 26

visible deformity, if ischemic contracture is present, it’s a medical emergency

Front 27

volkman’s ischemic contracture

Back 27

flexors contract w/ damage to brachial artery, impinge or sever, can be irreversible

Front 28

elbow dislocation palpation

Back 28

can feel deformity, check for circulation distal to injury

Front 29

elbow dislocation treatment

Back 29

splint w/o compression, rapid transport to hospital for surgery; 1-2 hour window to avoid irreversible damage

Front 30

ulnar nerve compression

Back 30

injury to cubital tunnel

Front 31

ulnar nerve compression history

Back 31

repetitive valgus force, blunt trauma, c/o paresthesia in 4th, 5th & medial 3rd fingers

Front 32

median nerve compression

Back 32

injury to anterior side

Front 33

median nerve compression history

Back 33

repetitive flexion damages carpal tunnel, c/o paresthesia in thumb, 1st, 2nd, lateral 3rd

Front 34

contusion

Back 34

damage to soft tissue caused by compression between bone and a hard surface

Front 35

forearm strain MOI

Back 35

forceful contraction or overstretch

Front 36

forearm strain healing time

Back 36

4-6 weeks

Front 37

forearm fracture s/s

Back 37

swelling, maybe deformity, crepitus

Front 38

forearm fracture healing time

Back 38

6-8 weeks

Front 39

lunate dislocation MOI

Back 39

fall on hand

Front 40

lunate dislocation s/s

Back 40

not always visible, usu. palpable decr. ROM, pain

Front 41

lunate dislocation

Back 41

most common carpal dislocation

Front 42

scaphoid fracture

Back 42

most common carpal fracture

Front 43

scaphoid fracture history

Back 43

fall on outstretched hand w/ radial deviation

Front 44

scaphoid fracture s/s

Back 44

presents like sprain

Front 45

scaphoid fracture palpation

Back 45

severe point tenderness

Front 46

scaphoid fracture treatment

Back 46

cast over elbow to prevent pro/supination

Front 47

scaphoid fracture danger

Back 47

if not treated, can go arthritic b/c poor vascularity in the area can lead to non-union

Front 48

silver fork deformity

Back 48

radial fracture with posterior displacement @ wrist

Front 49

carpal bones

Back 49

4 proximal, 4 distal, 8 total

Front 50

boutonniere deformity history

Back 50

forceful flexion @PIP rupture central slip of ext tendon

Front 51

boutonniere deformity observation

Back 51

flex @PIP ext @DIP

Front 52

jersey finger history

Back 52

damage to flexors @ PIP & DIP , forced extension ruptures flexor tendons

Front 53

jersey finger observation

Back 53

extension @DIP, can’t flex, usually 4 phalanx

Front 54

gamekeeper’s thumb

Back 54

also skier’s thumb; sprain of ulnar collateral ligament @1st metacarpal-phalangeal joint

Front 55

gamekeeper’s thumb MOI

Back 55

forced abduction of thumb maybe w/ some hyperextension

Front 56

gamekeeper’s thumb treatment

Back 56

3rd degree needs surgery

Front 57

scaphoid fracture complication

Back 57

if not treated can go arthritic b/c poor vascularity can lead to non-union

Front 58

finger sprain

Back 58

damage to collateral ligaments

Front 59

wrist ganglion

Back 59

cyst; can be a herniation, removed only if it’s a problem

Front 60

carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 60

repetitive injury to flexors that run through carpal tunnel; tendonitis causes impingement of median nerve

Front 61

carpal tunnel syndrome s/s

Back 61

paresthesia in lateral hand c/o night pain

Front 62

carpal tunnel syndrome treatment

Back 62

sleep in splint to avoid all night flexion

Front 63

boxer’s fracture

Back 63

metacarpal fracture, compressive loading mode to longitudinal axis

Front 64

mallet finger

Back 64

trauma to finger tip, forced flexion so extensor tendon ruptures or avulses @ DIP; DIP stays flexed

Front 65

finger dislocations

Back 65

usually caused by severe sprain

Front 66

finger fracture s/s

Back 66

pain

Front 67

finger fracture palpation

Back 67

crepitus, point tenderness

Front 68

finger fracture observation

Back 68

swelling, visible deformity

Front 69

finger fracture treatment

Back 69

splint, RICE, refer out

Front 70

finger sprain treatment

Back 70

ice in glass of ice water, buddy taping

Front 71

subungual hematoma

Back 71

bruise under finger or toe nail

Front 72

subungual hematoma treatment

Back 72

when new, burn hole in nail w/ hot paper clip; let blood out; will usually lose the nail

Front 73

osteochondritis dissecans history

Back 73

fracture through cartilage into bone leaving fragment in joint capsule

Front 74

osteochondritis dissecans s/s

Back 74

pain, feels like joint “locks up”, decreased ROM

Front 75

osteochondritis dissecans treatment

Back 75

detect on x-ray, surgery w/ scope