Elang 325 Final

Front 1

Stance Adverbials

Back 1

Adverbials that express speaker judgments of the proposition expressed by the cluase: It DEFINITELY is a trend. (expresses certainty or doubt, actuality and reality, source of knowledge, limitation)
ex.: certainly, undoubtedly, maybe, in fact, actually, evidently, according to, from our perspective

Front 2

Circumstancial Adverbials

Back 2

an adverbial that describes the circumstanes relating to the main clause, by answering such questions as where, when, how, why
ex.: a long way, up there, tomorrow night,

Front 3

Linking Adverbials

Back 3

an adverbial that relates a clause to preceding (or following) clauses

ex: however, therefore

Front 4

Process Adverbial

Back 4

ly verbs, adverbs of comparison, answer with what or with whom, by what means something is done, item use used for task (with), agent or causer of happening

Front 5

Contingency Adverbial

Back 5

answers "why", in order to "to clauses--to explain what we're doing", convey idea that contrasts (although it's been used, ), if clauses, results

Front 6

Degree Adverbial

Back 6

a bit, answers how much/many, intensifiers (very much, completely)

Front 7

Addition Adverbials

Back 7

too, only, also, as well

Front 8

Recipient Adverbials

Back 8

tel to whom an action was directed, for you, to the legislature, for wild mice, for our house

Front 9

Epistemic Adverbials

Back 9

certainty and doubt, actuality and reality, source of knowledge, limitation, viewpoint or perspective, imprecision (like, sort of)

Front 10

Attitude/Style

Back 10

Fortunately, most surprising, hopefully, honestly, more simply put, if i may say so

Front 11

Cleft

Back 11

grammatical structure with information broken into two clauses to provide extra focus to one piece of information.
It-cleft: It was his voice that held me.
Wh-cleft: What I want is something to eat.

Front 12

Preface

Back 12

A noun phrase functioning as a dislocated peripheral element, paced before the subject of a clause: This little shop--it's lovely.

Front 13

Verb inversion

Back 13

verb before subject

Front 14

Operator Inversion

Back 14

subject preceded by operator rather than by main verb or full phrase:
Not before in our history HAVE so many strong influences UNITED to produce so large a disaster.

Front 15

Fronting

Back 15

moving a clause element to initial position: THAT I also like.
This I do not understand
Some things you never do.
Why he came this way, I don't know.

Front 16

Noun Tag

Back 16

a definite noun phrase shifted to a position after the main clause: Has it got double doors, that shop?
Did they have any, the kids?

Front 17

Conversion

Back 17

Cheat (verb) to cheat (noun)

Front 18

Inflectional Morphology

Back 18

Expresses grammatical meaning or tense: adding an s, es, ing (come to came), est

Front 19

Derived nouns

Back 19

able to ability
perplex to perplexity
( one word derived to another)

Front 20

Compounding

Back 20

gunfire
supermarket

Front 21

Situational reference

Back 21

That banana is going to get rotten.

Front 22

Generic reference

Back 22

Bananas are healthier than donuts.

Front 23

Anaphoric reference

Back 23

Do you have bananas? Yeah, they're over there. (reference earlier in convo)

Front 24

Cataphoric reference

Back 24

The bananas you bought last week are pretty gross now. (referenced later in convo)

Front 25

Activity Verb

Back 25

buy, go take, action!

Front 26

Communication verbs

Back 26

speaking and writing activities: tell, shout, write

Front 27

Mental verbs

Back 27

mental states: know, remember

Front 28

Causative verbs

Back 28

help, let, allow, require

Front 29

Free combination

Back 29

makes sense (put down the bag)

Front 30

Phrasal

Back 30

turn on

Front 31

Phrasal plus prepositional

Back 31

look forward to

Front 32

Lexical verb

Back 32

main verbs

Front 33

Auxiliary verb

Back 33

verbs associated with tense, modality, (have taken, was seen, may go)

Front 34

Modal verb

Back 34

can, should, might

Front 35

Operators

Back 35

make sentence negative

Front 36

How many clauses are there?

Back 36

count MAIN verbs

Front 37

Dependent Clauses

Back 37

The movie THEY SHOWED US was boring.
I'm glad HE DOESN'T HAVE ANOTHER SISTER LIKE HER.
Why don't you get the one YOU LIKE THE MOST.
The plan is TO TALK WITH FRED TOMORROW NIGHT.

Front 38

Extrapositioning

Back 38

"It" at the beginning of the sentence