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173 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Informative/explanatory writing
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text written to explain or convey information about a specific topic.
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2. formatting on information/explanatory texts
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headings, graphics (charts and tables), multimedia
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3. narrative writing
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text written to develop a real or imagined experience or event
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4. Dialogue
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using the speech of characters as a narrative technique in order to develop experiences, events, and/or characters
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5. pacing
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using the flow of the story as a narrative technique in order to develop experiences, events, and/or characters
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11.business letter
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a professional letter that must use standard English and includes specific parts such as the: heading, inside address, salutation, body, and closing
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12.domains of writing
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areas writing is judged or assessed including focus, development, organization, voice, and language/conventions
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13.organization
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one of the domains of writing that includes: beginning, middle, and end, paragraphs, transitions, flow of ideas, etc.
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14. Transitions
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words,phrases, or clauses used to convey sequence or signal shifts from one time frame to another or form one setting to another
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15. development
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One of the domains of writing g that includes supporting your main idea with details and/or evidence
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16.voice
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one of the domains of writing that includes: sentance variety (simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex), figurative lasnguage, saying precisely what you mean, etc.
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17. conventions
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one of the four domains of writing that includes: spelling. grammar, capitalization, punctuation
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18. introduction
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A paragraph that introduces a piece of writing by hooking the readers attention and introduces ideas
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19. conclusion
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a paragraph that co cludes a piece of writing. by either reflecting on a narrative or supporting information or an explanation that was presented
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20. claim
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in an arguement, a vlai. is the writers position on an issue or problem
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21. Thesis statement |
A lengthly sentence that is the controlling idea or main proposition that a writer attempts to support in a piece of writing; the thesis statements includes the writers claim and the reasons supporting the claim |
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22.evidence-based-term |
A term used to introduce a piece of evidence such as "for example," "the author states," or "based on the research" |
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23.in-text-citation |
Used with a direct quotation and includes parenthesis, the author's last name, and the page or line number the information was found on |
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24. Redundancy |
When writing sounds repetitive or overused |
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25. Chronological order |
The arrangment of events by their order of occurrence; this type if organization is usually used in fictional narratives, historical writing, biographies, and autobiographies |
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26. Supporting detail |
A fact, example, or piece of evidence that backs up your main idea |
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27. Prewrite |
A stage in the writing process that involves planning out writing by brainstorming ideas and using a graphic organizer |
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28. Rough draft |
A stage in the writing process that involves writing a first draft |
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29. Revise |
A stage in the writing g process that Involves reworking a written draft to improve the content: taking out irrelevant Information; adding supporting details; combining and reordering words, sentences, or paragraphs; and improving word choice |
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30. Edit |
A stage in the writing process that involves proofreading and checking a written draft for conventions: spelling, grammar, punctuation, and capitalization |
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31. Publish |
A stage in the writing process that involves making a neat, mistake-free final copy |
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32.parts of speech |
Noun, verb, pronoun, adjective, adverb, conjunction, preposition, interjection. |
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33. Noun |
A person, place, thing or idea |
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34. Common noun |
A general noun (girl,school,car) |
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35. Proper noun |
A specific noun that must be capitalized (Sarah, Lakeside, Honda) |
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36. Verb |
A word that shows action, being, or links a subject to its subject complement |
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37. Action verb |
A verb that shows action |
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38. Linking verb |
A verb that links a subject to a subject complement |
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39. Subject-verb agreement |
Subject and a verb agree in number (singular-singular; plural-plural) |
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40. Pronoun |
A word used in place of a noun; examples: she, it, they |
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41. Antecedent |
A word that proceeds or comes before something else so that we have an understanding of the word usually the word antecedent refers to a noun (John) that proceeds A Pronoun (he) so that we know Who "he" is |
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42. Subject pronouns |
Pronouns used in place of a subject or a Subject complement (I, he, she, it, we, you, they) |
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43. Object pronouns |
Pronouns used in place of a direct object, an indirect object, or the object of a prepositional phrase (me, you, him, her, it, us, them) |
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44. Adjective |
A word used to modify or describe a noun or pronoun ; examples: beautiful, tall. Intelligent |
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45. Coordinate adjectives |
Lists of adjectives used to describe one noun or pronoun; these adjectives should be divided with commas (ex. It was a fascinating, enjoyable movie.) |
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46. Article |
The three adjectives: a, an, the |
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47. Definite article |
The |
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48. Indefinite articles |
A, an |
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49. Three degrees of adjectives |
Positive, comparative, superlative |
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50. Adverb |
A word used to modify a verb, and adjective, or another adverb; tells how, when, where, why, how often,and how much; examples: very, quickly, loudly |
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51. Conjunction |
A word used to connect words or phrases; examples: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) |
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52. Coordinating conjunctions |
For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so; used in compound sentences |
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53. Subordinating conjuctions |
If, as, since, when, because...; used in complex sentences |
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54. Correlative conjunctions |
Either or, neither nor, both and, not only but also |
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55. Interjection |
A word used to show emotion but that has no grammatical function; examples: wow, hey, ouch |
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56. Preposition |
A word used to show position on or relationship; examples: in, on ,under, beside |
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57. Sentence |
A group if words that had a subject and it predicate, and makes a complete thought |
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58. Fragment |
An incomplete thought |
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59. Subject |
The noun or subject pronoun that the sentence is about |
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60. Predicate |
The simple predicate it the verb |
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61. Direct object |
The noun or object pronoun that recieves the action of the action verb |
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62. Indirect object |
The noun or object pronoun between the action verb and the direct object, that is directly affected by the action |
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63. Subject complement |
The noun, subject pronoun, or adjective, that is linked to the subject be a linking verb, and that tells more about the subject |
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64. Predicate nominative |
A subject complement that is a noun or subject pronoun |
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65. Predicate adjective |
A subject complement that is an adjective |
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66. Phrase |
A group of words that does not have a subject and its predicate |
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67. Prepositional phrase |
A phrase beginning with a Preposition, used as a modifier |
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68. Appositive |
An interrupting definition |
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69. Verbal |
A verb form used as a noun, adjective, or adverb |
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70. The three kinds of verbals |
Gerunds, participles, and infinitives |
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71. Gerund |
An -ing verb form used as a noun |
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72. Participle |
A verb form of various endings used as an adjective |
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73. The two errors with participles |
Misplaced modifiers and dangling modifiers |
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74. Misplaced modifier |
When the noun being modified is in the wrong place in the sentence |
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75. Dangling modifier |
When the noun being modified isn't in the sentence at all |
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76. Infinitive |
The to- form of the verb, used as a noun or modifier |
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77. Split infinitive |
An error made when a word is placed between "to" and the verb form in an infinitive phrase |
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78. Clause |
A group of words that has a subject and it's predicate |
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79. Dependent clause |
A clause that cannot stand alone and needs to be connected to an independent clause; also called a subordinating clause |
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80. Independent clause |
A part of a sentence that can stand alone because it has a subject, a verb, and makes a complete thought |
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81. The four sentence structures |
Simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex |
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82. Simple sentence |
A sentence that has only one clause |
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83. Compound sentences |
Two or more simple sentences joined together by either a comma and a coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS) OR a semicolon |
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84. Complex sentence |
A sentence that contains one main clause and one or more subordinate clause. |
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85. Compound complex sentence |
A sentence that has at least two independent clauses and one dependent clause |
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86. The four sentence purposes |
Declarartive, imperative, interrogative, and exclamatory |
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87. Imperative sentence |
Is imperious, or gives a command; example: "get out your notebooks" |
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88. Interrogative sentence |
Interrogates, or asks a question; example: "What do you want for dinner?" |
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89. Declarative sentence |
Makes a statement; example: "My dog is a Labrador." |
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90. Exclamatory sentence |
Makes a statement that shows urgency or strong emotion; example: "I can't wait until Friday!" |
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91. : colon |
Used to introduce a list |
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92. ; semicolon |
Used to connect two independent clauses in a compound sentence |
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93. , comma |
Used to separate introductory phrases or clauses, to separate coordinate adjectives, and in dates, addresses and quotations |
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94. . Period |
Used to end a sentence or after abbreviation |
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95. ... Ellipses |
Used to show a dramatic pause or to build suspense in speech |
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96. ( ) parenthesis |
USD around information that you wish to include but that does not fit into the flow of the sentence or around an in-text citation |
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97. " " quotation marks |
Used to surround a direct citation |
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98. ? Question mark |
Used at the end of an interrogative sentence (question) |
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99. ! Exclamation mark |
Used at the end of an exclamatory sentence to show strong emotion or at the end of an imperative sentence (command) |
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100. Apostrophe |
Used to show possession |
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101. Word choice |
The effective use of words enhance style, tone, or clarity in writing or speaking. |
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102. Most logical place to add |
Add in a sentence where it makes sense |
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103. Shifts focus |
Moves off topic |
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104. Irrelevant detail |
An details that moves off topic or is not related to the central idea |
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105. Better/best word choice |
Choose a word that is more descriptive (use thesaurus) |
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106. Introduce |
To begin |
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107. Best way to combine sentences |
To put two simple sentences together, using either a comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS) OR a semicolon, or by inserting a word or phrase from one sentence into the other |
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108. More precise way of phrasing |
A more exact way of putting into words |
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109. Composition |
A piece of writing |
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110. Conclude |
To end |
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111. Conclusion |
The ending; the last paragraph of the essay |
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112. Transitional device |
A way to change to another focus (transition words) |
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113. Relevant detail |
A detail that is related to the central idea |
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114. Sustains focus |
Writing that stays on topic |
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115. Logical progression of ideas |
Ideas are in order |
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116. Interrupts the logical progression of ideas |
Not in order;.changes or disrupts the flow of ideas |
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117. Most vivid word choice |
Use a more descriptive word |
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118. Compose |
To write |
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119. Compare |
Explain the similarities between two things |
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120. Contrast |
Explain the differences between two things |
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121. Justify |
Give reasons to support your answer or opinion |
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122. Elaborate |
Give more details and evidence |
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123. Generate |
Come up with ideas |
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124. Define |
Give the definition |
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125. Repetitive |
Uses words, phrases, or ideas over and over again; repeats itself |
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126. Topic sentence |
The main idea of each paragraph |
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127. Moved to follow |
Take a sentence and put it after another one |
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128. Grammatical |
Related to grammar (spelling, punctuation, capitalization, subject-verb agreement, etc.) |
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129. Draw a conclusion |
You, as a reader, take two pieces of Information stated in a text to figure out something that is not stated |
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130. Make an inference |
You, as a reader, use background or prior knowledge and text clues to make an assumption about the text |
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131. Objective summary |
A summary that reports what the original writer intended, without opinions, bias, emotion, or unnecessary detail |
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132. Main idea |
The most important piece of information about a topic that a writer conveys |
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133. Passage |
A portion of a larger text |
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134. Authors purpose |
The reason that an author wrote his or her text such as persuade/argue, inform/explain, or entertain/narrate (PIE) |
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135. Authors prospective |
An author's opinion of what he or she has written that is shown through his or her tone, word choice, information included, and information excluded |
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136. Authors bias |
An author's personal opinion or prejudice for the side of an issue that he or she favors |
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137. Authors craft |
The specific techniques that an author uses such as figurative language, tone, flashback, imagery, irony, word choice, and dialogue |
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138. Audience |
The specific person or group for whom a piece of writing is intended |
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139. Point of view |
The perspective from which a literary work is told |
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140. First person |
A story told by a character using the pronouns "I" and "We" |
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141. Second person |
Used mostly in expository (informational or how to) texts; the narrator adresses the reader directly often using the implied subject "you" |
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142. Third person limited |
A story told by a third person narrator who has limited knowledge |
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143. Third person omniscient |
A story told by a third person narrator who is all knowing when it comes to the thoughts and feelings of the characters |
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144. Propaganda |
A form of communication that my use false or misleading information; types can include bandwagon, testimonial, glittering generalities, and name calling |
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145. Logical reason |
A supporting detail that makes sense |
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146. Advertisement |
A public notice that is created for the purpose of selling a product |
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147. Tone |
The writers or speakers attitude toward a subject, character, or audience as shown through the choice of words and details |
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148. Opinion |
A thought that is not backed up by concrete evidence or proof |
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149. Fact |
A statement of truth that can be backed up by evidence or proof |
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150. Direct quotation |
A stement that uses the exact words from a source enclosed in quotation marks |
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151. Indirect quotation |
A statement that rewords (paraphrases) the original ideas from a source and is not enclosed in quotation marks |
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152. Text structure |
The way a text is put together such as cause and effect, chronological order, compare and contrast, etc. |
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153. Textual evidence |
A specific piece of information that supports a claim; evidence can take the form of a fact, a quotation, an example, a statistic, an expert opinion, or a personal experience |
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154. Text feautures |
Elements of a text that help organize and call attention to important information such as titles, heading, subheadings, sidebars, boldfaced type, footnotes, and graphic aids |
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155. Multi- media techniques |
Lighting, sound, color, camera focus, camera angles, etc. |
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156. Conflict |
A struggle or crash between posing characters (external), forces (external), or the characters emotions (internal) |
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157. Direct characterization |
When an author tells readers about a character directly. (Ex: "Zoe was headstrong.") |
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158. Indirect characterization |
When an author shows readers who the characters is by describing their actions and preferences |
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159. Flashback |
When the present action of a story is interuppted to think back or remember something that happened inn the past |
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160. Foreshadowing |
The use of hints and clues in a narrative to suggest future events |
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161. Antagonist |
The force working against the protagonist, or main character |
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162. Protagonist |
The main character in a story, play, or novel; the protagonist usually undergoes changes as the plot runs it's course |
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163. Static character |
A character who stays the same throughout the story |
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164. Dynamic character |
A character who changes throughout the story |
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165. Theme |
A story's moral or lesson about life |
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166. Plot |
The sequence of events or actions that presents and resolves a conflict in a literary work including the rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution |
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167. Setting |
The time, place, and weather conditions in which the action in a literary work takes place |
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168. Allusion |
A reference to a famous person, place, event, or work of literature; allusions can be literary (from literature), biblical (from the Bible), or mythological (from a myth) |
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169. Refrain |
a passage repeated at intervals, usually in porn or song |
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170. Stanza |
A group of lines forming a unit in a poem or song |
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171. Rhyme |
When words share the same ending vowel sound and consonant sound |
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172. Rhyme scheme |
The pattern of rhyme in the lines of the poem (aaba bbcd) |
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173. Couplet |
A Stanza of poetry containing only two lines |
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174. Rhythm |
The beat created by the meter, rhyme, alliteration, and/or refrain in a poem |
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175. Meter |
A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem that are arranged in a repeating pattern to create rhyme |
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176. Free verse poetry |
Poetry that does NOT have meter or rhyme |
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177. Sonnet |
A poem that has a formal structure containing 14 lines and a specific rhyme scheme and meter |
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178. Narrative |
A poem that tells a story |
