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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arrhythmia
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Without rhythm
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Sinus Arrythmia
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Normal, but minimal increase in HR during respiration
-Identical P waves** |
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Irregular Rhythms
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Wandering Pacemaker
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia Atrial Fibrillation |
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Wandering Pacemaker
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P wave varies
Less than 100 BPM Irregular Ventricular Rhythm |
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Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia
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P wave varies
Rate exceeds 100 BPM Irregular ventricular rhythm |
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Atrial Fibrillation
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Continuous chaotic atrial spikes
Irregular ventricular rhythm Irratic atrial spikes No P Waves |
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Sinus Arrest
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SA node ceases pacemaking
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Atrial escape rhythm
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60-80 bpm
After sinus arrest P Waves not identical to others |
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Junctional Escape Rhythm
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40-60 BPM
After sinus arrest Conducts from ventricle prduces lone QRS complexes May cause inverted p waves |
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Ventricular escape rhythm
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20-40 BPM
causes syncope (unconsciousness) |
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Sinus Rhythm
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-Sinus block causes SA node to miss cycle
-May skip overdrive supression |
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Atrial Escape Beat
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Causes pause in cycle
Overdrive supressor removed |
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Irritable focus
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sense low O2
Epinepherine-symp stimuli Caffeine, amphetamines, cocain |
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Premature atrial beat
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-originates at irritable foci
fires depolarization early may hide t wave or cause t wave to look large |
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Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC)
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causes giant vent. complex
Irritable vent focus usually opposite of normal ekg low O2 Vent not filled completely Only depolarize vent 6 or more in a minute is pathological |
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Ventricular Bigeminy
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PVC coupled with normal cycle
Continues every cycle |
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Ventricular Trigeminy
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PVC coupling with every two cycles
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Atrial tachycardia
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Irritable focus in atria
150-250 BPM |
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Ventricular Tachycardia
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150-250 BPM
Irritable foci Resemble rapid PVC's Hides P waves Coronary insufficiency RAD |
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Torsades de Pointes
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-Looks like twisted ribbon
high vent. rhythm Caused by low K 250-350 BPM Bursts of rhythm Gradual increase and decrease |
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Atrial Flutter
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250-350
Rapid depolarizations Rapid atrial depolarizations hardly conduct to ventricles |
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Ventricular flutter
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-single focus firing at 250-350 BPM
-ventricles hardly have time to fill -Produces smooth fine waves |
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Atrial fibrillation
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-350-450 BPM
cause tiny irratic spikes no distinguished P waves |
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Ventricular Fibrillation
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350-450 BPM
rapid rate discharges Vent foci pacing rapidly look like bag of worms type of cardia arrest - no pumping of heart |
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Wolff Parkinson White Syndrome
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Bundle of kent
Vent. pre excitation Wide QRS with delta wave |
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Lown Ganong Levine syndrome
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AV node bypassed by anterior internodal tract
-no AV node filter |
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Premature Junctional contraction
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Inverted P wave
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premature ventrical contraction
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electrical activity big and wide
beats feel harder |
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Atrial Foci
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60-80 BPM
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Junctional Foci
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40-60 BPM
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Ventricular Foci
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20-40 BPM
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First Degree Block
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-PR interval greater than .2 sec
-Slight delay |
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Second Degree Block
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-Wenckebach - Mobitz I -
-Progressively longer PR interval then Drop QRS -Mobitz II -Sudden drop of QRS -Wide QRS -may be 2 or 3 P waves |
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Third Degree Block
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Complete dissociation of atrial and ventricular responses
-pace themselves -atria and ventricle not coordinated |
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Bundle Branch Blocks
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Right - Widens QRS in V1, V2
Left - Wide complex in V5, V6 |
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Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
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-R waves get smaller from right to left
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Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
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S wave in V1 or V2 and the R wave in V5 or V6 are 35 mm or more
-Larger Left to right -Assymetrical T wave inversion |
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How do you measure hypertrophy
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Measure S and R and add
-if 35 or more it is hypertrophy |
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Atrial hypertrophy
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Diphasic P wave in V1 or V2
Large P wave |
