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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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According to Grimm's law, what does D turn into?
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T
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According to Grimm's law, what does T turn into?
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theta (th)
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According to Grimm's law, what does P turn into?
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f
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According to Grimm's law, what does c or k turn into?
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h
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According to Grimm's law, what does g turn into?
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k
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According to Grimm's law, what does b turn into?
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p
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how is 'sc' pronounced in Old English?
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as 'sh' (/v over s/)
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how is 'cg' pronounced in old english? how would u say ecg?
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/d v over z/ (say ecg edge)
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how is dotted c pronounced in old english?
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/t v over s/
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how is undotted c pronounced in old english?
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k
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how is dotted g pronounced in old english?
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like /j/
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how is undotted g pronounced in old english
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/g/
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What is one advantage of wave theory?
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It can account for the fact that languages in close geographical proximity to each other over long periods of time are more alike than languages separated by thousands of miles
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What is a loanword?
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One that has been introduced at some time from another language, either from a related or unrelated language
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What is a dialect?
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Mutually intelligible version of one language
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What is inflectional language/
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Those like Classical greek and Latin in which inseparable inflections are fused with lexical stems to carry much of the grammatical information
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What are agglutinative languages>
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Combine grammatical morphemes with lexical stems but the grammatical morphemes are discrete, relatively unchanged from word to word, and strung onto the lexical stem one after the other
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What are isolating languages>
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Each morpheme forms a separate word, and individual particles are used to convey how many sammatical information
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When were the earliest written records of any Indo-European languages?
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about 1500 BC
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Who were the Indo-Europeans?
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Late stone age people...sometime after 3000 BC they made a series of migrations that took them all over europe and into asia
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How many subfamilies of Indo-European language do scholars today recognize
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10
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What are the groups of Indo-European language>
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Indo-Iranian, tocharian, armenian, anatolian, balto-slavic, hellenic, albanian, celtic, italic, and germanic
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what is the difference between satem and centum languages>
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satem languages are to the east, and centum is to the west
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although Tocharian has been extinct for centuries, why was it of great interest to scholars?
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Its phonology resembles that of west Indo-European languages in important ways
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What is significant about Anatolian cuneiform/
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The tablets are among the oldest records of any Indo-European language
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Of all the surviving IE languages which is in greatest danger of extinction today?
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Celtic
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what does prosody refer to?
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Rhythmic alternations of strongly and weakly accented syllables. it is the pattern of accented and unaccented syllables in the flow of sound.
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What are the three types of consonants CIE had?
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Stops, a single fricative (s) and the resonants (m, n, l, r, j, w)
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What happened with Grimm's Law?
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All the IE voiceless stops had become voiceless fricatives, the IE voiced stops had become voiceless fricatives, and the iE voiced aspirated stops had ecome voiced stops.
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