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103 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pupils not equal in size
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anisocaria
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Dilated pupil
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mydriasis
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Constricted pupil
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miosis
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PERRLA
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pupils equal round react to light accomodate
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Change focus from far to near
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accommodation
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Accommodation is a function of what part of the eyes?
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lens
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when looking into the distance, what does the lens look like?
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flat
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when looking at something close, what does the lens look like?
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rounded
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What happens when the ciliary bodies relax?
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-lens becomes round
-able to see close up |
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What do eyes do with near vision?
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converge
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What do pupils do with near vision?
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constrict
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strip of sclera visible as patient directs their gaze downward?
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lid lag=Von Graef's sign
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protruding eyeballs
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exopthalmos
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Causes of ptosis of the eyelid?
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1) CN III lesion
2) Horner's syndrome 3) Myasthenia Gravis |
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What causes protruding eyeballs?
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1) Grave's disease
2) Tumor |
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repetitive jerky eye movements
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nystagmus
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eyes not facing in same direction
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strabismus
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2 ways to stress for strabismus?
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1) cardinal fields of gaze
2) cover/uncover test |
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paralysis of ocular muscles?
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opthalmoplegia
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weakness of ocular muscles?
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opthalmoparesis
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lesion of contralateral side of vision loss
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hemianopsia
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What can cause hemianopsia?
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1) tract lesion
2) brain lesion |
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How does a tract lesion affect the pupilary light reflex?
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pupillary reflex is lost
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How does a brain lesion affect the pupilary light reflex?
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pupilary reflex is intact
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eyelid turned inward
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entropion
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eyelid turned outward
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ectropion
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fatty yellow plaques due to high cholesterol
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xanthelasthma
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inflamed hair follicle on eyelid
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hordeolum (stye)
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plugged meibomian gland
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chalazion
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significance of entropion
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possible corneal abrasion
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significance of entropion
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possible corneal abrasion
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inflammation of lacrimal duct
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dacrocystitis
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inflammation of lacrimal gland
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dacroadentitis
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location of lacrimal duct
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medial side of eye
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location of lacrimal gland
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lateral side of eye
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well-demarcated, liver-shaped red area on the sclera of the eye
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subconjunctival hemorrhage
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What causes a subconjunctival hemorrhage?
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increased intrathecal pressure
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slightly raised, benign, fatty structure under the conjunctiva
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pinguecula
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excessive growth of eye tissue that can obstruct vision
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pterygium
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What causes a pterygium?
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irritation
-wind -dust -sand |
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AKA for keratoconjunctiva sicca
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sjogren's syndrome
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Findings associated with keratoconjunctiva sicca?
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1) dry eyes
2) dry mouth 3) joint pain |
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a discoloration around the colored portion of the eye?
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arcus senilis
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When is arcus senilis clinically significant?
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When found in pts less than 40 years old
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circular golden brown band found on the posterior surface of the cornea?
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Kayser-Fleischer ring
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What does a Kayser-Fleischer ring indicate?
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Wilson's Disease
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What is an associated exam finding be with Wilson's disease?
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blue lunulas
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What causes a blue sclera?
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osteogenesis imperfecta
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Associated exam finding with osteogenesis imperfecta?
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1) brittle bones
2) decreased hearing 3) blue sclera |
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miotic pupil associated with syphilis
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Argyll-Robertson Pupil
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shape of argyll-robertson pupil
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irregular
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argyll-robertson pupil reaction to light
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absent
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argyll-robertson pupil reaction to painful stimulus
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some response
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argyll-robertson pupil reaction to near objects
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diminished
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pupil, often unilateral, that is sluggish to respond to light
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Adie's pupil
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AKA for Adie's pupil
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tonic pupil
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Causes for an absent red reflex when doing a fundoscopic exam?
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1) cataract
2) detached retina 3) retinoblastoma 4) fat eye |
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Risk factors for glaucoma
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1) age over 65
2) african american 3) diabetes mellitus 4) myopia 5) family hx of glaucoma 6) prolonged corticosteroid use |
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Screening test for glaucoma
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1) tonometry to measure intraocular pressure
2) opthalmoscopy or slit lamp examination 3) visual field test to check for decreased peripheral vision |
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Signs & symptoms of glaucoma (OPEN ANGLE)
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1) slow, insidious onset
2) painless 3) eventual decrease in peripheral vision (tunnel vision) 4) eyes hard to palpation 5) (-) shadow test |
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Signs & symptoms of glaucomoa (closed/narrow/acute angle)
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1) sudden, abrupt onset
2) painful 3) cloudy, cornea & redness ("ciliary flush") 4) eye hard to palpation 5) (+) shadow test 6) pupil dilated |
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Type of vision loss caused by glaucoma
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peripheral vision
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clouding/opacity of the lens that interferes with vision
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cataract
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primary complaint of patients with the senile form of cataract
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trouble driving at night
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cataracts can also be caused by which type of disease
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diabetes mellitis
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if someone has diabetes mellitis, when may they develop cataracts?
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10-20 years after onset of the disease
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What disease may predispose an individual to develop subluxation of the lens?
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Marfan's syndrome
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Feathery white patches near the lens
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benign myelination of optic nerve fibers
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What does a chalky white disc suggest?
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optic atrophy
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What is a late finding in increased intracranial pressure?
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optic atrophy
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AKA for papilledema?
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choked disc
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What can increased intracranial pressure cause?
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1) papilledema
2) optic atrophy (late finding) |
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How would papilledema look on a fundoscopic exam?
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bulging/inverted disk
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flame hemorrhages are associated with what?
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hypertension
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dot/blot hemorrhages are associated with what?
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diabetes
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microaneurysms are pathognomonic for what?
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diabetes
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Drusen bodies can result from what 3 diseases?
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1) hypertension
2) atherosclerosis 3) macula degeneratino |
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Where are drusen bodies often seen?
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near macula
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a cherry red macula can be seen with what conditions/diseases?
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1) central artery occlusion
2) Tay Sach's Disease |
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Microinfarctions causing swelling of the terminal nerve fibers are called?
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cotton wool patches/exudates
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What causes cotton wool patches/exudates?
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hypertension
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What is the disc:cup ration?
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2:1
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Sign of glaucoma?
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cupping of the disc
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macular degeneratin causes painless loss of what type of vision?
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central vision
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Which diseases cause loss of central vision?
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1) macular degeneratin
2) cataract |
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With macular degeneration, before losing vision, what might the patient report?
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missing letters when reading & straight lines appear crooked
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What is the test called that doctors use to see if a patient has macular degeneration?
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Amsler grid
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What kind of referral is required for retinal detachment?
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ER
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Findings associated with retinal detachment?
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1) sparks of light
2) sudden onset of more floaters in vision 3) vision loss like a shade being pulled down |
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Alterations of arterial light stripe are associated with what?
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atherosclerosis
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loss of ability to accommodate due to aging is called?
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presbyopia
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near sighted
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myopia
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far sighted
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hyperopia
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light stripe is as wide as artery
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silver wiring
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Wider light stripe; appears copper colored?
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copper wiring
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Characteristics of arteries of the eyes?
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1) smaller
2) light stripe 3) redder 4) No pulse 5) overpass |
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Characteristics of veins of the eyes?
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1) larger
2) diminished or absent 3) darker 4) maybe a pulse 5) underpass |
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What is important to remember about blood vessels in the eyes?
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the wall of the vessels are not seen, only the illuminated lumens.
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Name the 5 crossings of blood vessels.
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1) normal
2) nicking 3) banking 4) tapering 5) humping |
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Name the crossing of blood vessels:
-wider than normal space |
nicking
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Name the crossing of blood vessels:
-takes a turn at the artery |
banking
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Name the crossing of blood vessels:
-vein looks like it's narrowing |
tapering
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Name the crossig of blood vessels:
-atherosclerotic change |
humping
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