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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interpretational Definition of the EEG |
Consists of inhibitory and excitatory postsynaptic potentials of pyramidal cells generated in the cortex of the brain
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Volume conduction
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The process of current flow through the tissues between the electrical generator and the recording electrode.
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Inverse Problem
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For any scalp recorded EEG signal there are an infinite number of source or sources within the volume of the brain that can explain or fit the scalp recorded signal. Therefore, one or more generators in different locations in the brain can produce the same EEG findings at the scalp. This means it is theoretically impossible to know the location of the EEG generator in the brain. The search for methods to solve this problem is called: Source Localization.
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Forward Problem
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If the anatomical source, intensity and orientation of the electrical generator in the brain are known, then the EEG findings in scalp electrodes can be accurately predicted.
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Burst Firing |
a discharge consisting of a cluster of action potentials |
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Sodium–Potassium pump
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Actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. The concentration of sodium is maintained at about 10X higher outside the cell than inside.
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A montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations is termed a(n) _______montage.
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A montage in which the reference electrode is common to multiple derivations is termed a common reference montage. |
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The _______ rhythm consists of bursts of alpha or theta waves over the temporal region of the scalp when subjects are mentally active. |
The kappa rhythm consists of bursts of alpha or theta waves over the temporal region of the scalp when subjects are mentally active |
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Which montage best detects localized neural current sources?
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A Laplacian montage achieves excellent detection of localized neural current sources because it functions as a spatial high pass filter. |
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Which term refers to electrical activity that appears at two respective input terminals of a differential amplifier?
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A common mode signal appears at two respective input terminals of a differential amplifier. Example: 50/60Hz artifact is a common mode signal in EEG recording |
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Which term refers to the unequal amplitude and/or form and frequency of EEG activity over corresponding areas on opposites sides of the head? |
Asymmetry refers to the unequal amplitude and/or form and frequency of EEG activity over corresponding areas on opposites sides of the head |
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A _______ refers to both the process of recording from a pair of electrodes in an EEG channel and the resulting EEG record. |
A derivation refers to both the process of recording from a pair of electrodes in an EEG channel and the resulting EEG record |
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Which term refers to the difference between two unlike signals applied to the respective two input terminals of a differential amplifier?
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A differential signal is the difference between two unlike signals applied to the respective two input terminals of a differential amplifier. |
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Which rhythm ranges from 7–11 Hz and is detected over the central or centro–parietal regions of the scalp when a patient is awake?
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The mu rhythm ranges from 7–11 Hz and is detected over the central or centro–parietal regions of the scalp when a patient is awake. This rhythm is composed of arch–shaped waves that can be blocked or weakened by contralateral movement or the intention to move |
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Which montage detects voltage differences between a single electrode and an average of the remaining electrodes weighted in proportion to their distance from the electrode placed in input 1? |
A Laplacian montage detects voltage differences between a single electrode and an average of the remaining electrodes weighted in proportion to their distance from the electrode placed in input 1 |
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Which montages provide excellent detection of electrode artifact?
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Both bipolar and common reference montages permit excellent detection of electrode artifact (i.e., a potential difference contaminating the EEG due to an extracerebral source). |
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Which of these is the ratio of the amplification of differential and common mode signals?
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Common mode rejection is the ratio of the amplification of differential and common mode signals. Common mode rejection = differential amplification/common mode amplification. Example: 25,000/1 = 25,000:1. |
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Which electrode is typically connected to input terminal 2 of an EEG amplifier and used to measure the potential variations of another electrode?
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A reference electrode is typically connected to input terminal 2 of an EEG amplifier and used to measure the potential variations of an active electrode |
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Which electrode is placed over the scalp or brain to detect EEG activity? |
An active electrode is placed over the scalp or brain to detect EEG activity. |
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Which montage consists of referential derivations?
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A referential montage consists of referential derivations (pairs of electrodes including an active electrode placed in input terminal 1 and reference electrode placed in input terminal 2 of an EEG amplifier). |
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Which term refers to the particular arrangement by which a number of pairs of electrodes in EEG channels are simultaneously displayed in an EEG record.
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A montage is the particular arrangement by which a number of pairs of electrodes in EEG channels (derivations) are simultaneously displayed in an EEG record. |
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A(n) _______ montage detects the voltage difference between a single electrode placed in input 1 and the average of the remaining 10–20 electrodes placed in input 2.
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An average reference montage detects the voltage difference between a single electrode placed in input 1 and the average of the remaining 10–20 electrodes placed in input 2. |
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Which term refers to the non–simultaneous occurrence of EEG activity in regions on the same or opposite side of the head?
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Asynchrony refers to the non–simultaneous occurrence of EEG activity in regions on the same or opposite side of the head. |
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Which montage permits the best analysis of asymmetry?
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A common reference montage achieves good analysis of asymmetry provided that there is symmetrical placement of the reference electrode(s). |
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Which term refers to the abrupt appearance and disappearance of a group of waves that can be discriminated from background activity?
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A burst refers to the abrupt appearance and disappearance of a group of waves that can be discriminated from background activity. |
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A(n) _______ montage detects voltage differences between single, adjacent electrodes.
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A bipolar montage detects voltage differences between single, adjacent electrodes. The montage consists of multiple bipolar derivations where no single electrode is common to all derivations. In most cases, the bipolar derivations are linked |
