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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
students who schools can anticipate will have difficulty completing high school education because of associated problems
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at-risk students
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schools established during the nationalist period to teach basic skills to all elementary-age children
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common schools
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measures used to judge what is to be taught to students as varied levels of education
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content standards
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students who are nonnative English speakers and are receiving instruction to become fluent in reading, writing, and understanding the English language
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English language learners
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students who are gifted or talented or have disabilities; individuals whose performance differs from that of the average group of students
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exceptional learners
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a school that coordinates health and social serviices for school community families
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full-service schools
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bias related to sex-role stereotyping that leads to different classroom practices for girls and boys
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gender bias
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the concept that everyone starts out on the same rung of the ladder and has equal access
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gender equality
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the concept that teachers are aware of traditional biases and act to enhance opportunity for the target group
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gender equity
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a school and classroom that teaches (includes) students with disabilities
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inclusive school and classroom
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an instructional plan that identifies the needs and capacities of the subject individual
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individualized educational program (IEP)
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the conscious inclusion in the curriculum of the experiences and culture of all students
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multicultural education
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a school for the preparation of elementary school teachers
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normal school
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measures used to judge what has been learned through application
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performance standards
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a visual record (folder) maintained by the student to display peak experiences (work activities, projects, and the ongoing process of writing)and learning progress
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portfolio
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an approach that viewed the school as a factory and teachers as workers; the school was to be managed to increase productivity (achievement) and efficiency
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scientific management
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all the experiences the school provides for students. This encompasses learning experiences and activies, instructional processes, management procedures, and resources planned for students
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curriculum
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believing that oneself or others are responsible for success or failure; related to concept of locus of control
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attribution
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individualizing and personalizing the teaching-learning process by distinguishing or modifying content, process, products, and environment
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differentiation
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the state of an individual who cannot see others' viewpoints; a characteristic of Piaget's pre-operational learner
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egocentrism
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using rewards, prizes, and grades to influence the learner to behave or to achieve or complete an assignment
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extrinsic motivation
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an individual who prefers interaction with others and the social context of learning
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field-dependent learner
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an individual who has more success in formal teaching-learning situations that stress rewards and competition
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field-independent learner
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striving to achieve for personal satisfaction and pleasure
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intrinsic motivation
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the approach to learning that a particular individual favors, for example, a visual learner or an auditory learner
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learning style
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the belief about who or what controls events that affect the individual's life
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locus of control
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a goal orientation in which the motivation for learning is self-improvement
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mastery or learning goal
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a goal orientation in which the motivation for learning is to outperform others, the student compares his or her performance to the accomplishments of others
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performance goal
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a predisposition (capacity) related to specific content
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proclivity
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Maslow's highest personal goal to enhance potential
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self-actualization
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the process by which an individual acquires habits beliefs, and patterns of behavior
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socialization
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an exaggerated belief or fixed idea associated with a group of people for the purpose of justifying personal conduct
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stereotype
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present and future achievement standards based on the teacher's beliefs about the student's performance
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teacher expectations
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the process of detecting and responding to students' needs for meaning related to contents and task assignments
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academic feedback
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appraisal of what students know and do not know using established procedures
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assessment
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using the key components that affect success in the classroom
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classroom management
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the process of moderating student behavior with others and motivating students to be personally responsible for their own behavior
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discipline
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measurement of achievement during the instruction to facilitate future planning
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formative evaluation
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using the teachable moment to teach skills as needed; utilizing knowledge and skills from one subject field to reinforce or extend instruction in another subject field
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integration of instruction
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linking subject fields through the use of similar concepts
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interdisciplinary instruction
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observing and responding to behavioral and instructional problems
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monitoring
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attending to more than one event in the classroom simultaneously
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overlapping
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an outbreak of contagious misbehavior often caused by the teacher through public discipline that embarrasses other students
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ripple effect
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measurement of student achievement (performance) at the end of a learning experience or an instructional unit
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summative evaluation
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the degree of involvement the student demonstrates while performing a task
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task engagement
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the ability of the teacher to change learning experiences and/or subject fields without causing undue lags of time (and misbehavior)
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transition smoothness
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a teacher's ability to demonstrate to students his or her awareness fo and alertness to student behavior and task engagement
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with-it-ness
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a framework for organizing and structuring new knowledge to facilitate meaningful acquisition of information via presentations and readings
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advance organizer
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a back-and-forth conversation between two individuals, such as the teacher and a student
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coaction
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a means to teach specific knowledge or skills efficiently using three major processes; presentation, practice, and feedback
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direct instruction
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communicating knowledge by controlling the input process. The learner's task is to consume the knowledge using visual and auditory means
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expository teaching
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engagement of students in acquiring knowledge or skills using practice material while the teacher monitors and provides feedback
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guided practice
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practice sessions in which students work independently to apply what they have learned by using the skill or knowledge in a new way
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independent practice
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communication among several individuals involving more than one-way discussion; may be cooperative or combative
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interaction
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reestablishing purpose by reiterating the assignment and clarifying meanings when students go off in the wrong direction or are off task
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refocusing
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controlled practice sessions in which the teacher uses short-answer questions and elicits responses to verify student understanding of what is to be learned
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structured practice
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a motivating inquiry strategy that helps the teacher assess students' thinking process and engages students in divergent thinking
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backward problem solving
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an inquiry strategy that provides for thorough investigation of a single event, institution, decision, issue, or individual, and allows the teacher to reduce data to facilitate analysis
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case study approach
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an inquiry strategy designed to help students gain specific concepts by comparing and contrasting attributes; this strategy encourages students' use of metacogniition
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concept attainment
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an approach to teaching and learning that acknowledges that information can be transmitted but understanding is dependent on the learner
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constructivism
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a learning strategy that promotes positive relationships among students and increases self-esteem and social competency
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cooperative learning
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an inquiry-oriented cooperative learning strategy that requires interaction, discussion planning, compromise, negotiation, and research processes
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group investigation
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the process of examining and checking ideas, beliefs, and knowledge with data to develop meaning and theory
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inquiry
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the linking of subject fields and learning process to facilitate learning by helping the learner see relationships.
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integration
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concepts from different subject fields (disciplines) used to demonstrate learning through different lenses.
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interdisciplinary content
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the process of using evidence; the active, persistent, and careful consideration of beliefs and knowledge
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reflective thinking
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a research situation in which questions are predetermined and never differ during multiple inerviews
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structured interview
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