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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Educational Attainment of Psychologists |
1: Ph. D - Focusing on Research 2: Psy. D. - Focusing more on clinical training 3: Complete Bachelors/Masters before Dr. study 4:Doctorate is 4-7 years after bachelors 5: Masters degree 2-3 years of grad school |
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Psychoanalysis |
method of therapy formulated by Freud; focuses on uncovering unconscious conflicts that drive maladaptive behavior |
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Behaviorism |
emphasizes the study of observable behavior over the study of the mind |
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Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) |
Free Association: encouraged patients to say whatever came to mind, allowed them to recall forgotten memories that underlie problems. The unconscious plays a crucial role in human behavior. The unconscious was that part of the mind that includes impulses, behaviors, and desires that we are unaware of but that influence our behavior. |
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B. F. Skinner (1904–1990) |
Skinner, like Watson, believed that psychology should focus on observable behavior. Skinner added a dimension to Watson’s framework:consequences. Skinner believed psychologists should look not only at the stimuli in the environment that cause a particular response but also at what happens to a person or animal after the response—what Skinner called the consequences of a behavior. |
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Abraham Maslow (1908-1970) Humanist |
Instead of focusing on what went wrong in people's lives, ask questions about what made a person "good". Maslow introduced a major theory of "motivating the pinnacle", which is the goal of self-actualization. |
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Carl Rogers (1902-1987) Humanist Therapist |
Developed new approach to therapy: Client-centered therapy. People receiving treatment were clients and not patients. This reflects their more equal standing with the therapists and their more active role in the therapy process. |
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Psychiatrists |
Medical doctor who works with patients with psychological disorders. Prescribes medicine for psychological problems, such as depression or bi-polar disorder. Tends to see psychological problems as having biological causes. Must have a medical degree. |
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Experiment |
a research method that is used to test casual hypotheses |
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Survey |
a research method that asks a large group of people about their attitudes, beliefs, and/or behaviors |
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Naturalistic Observations |
observing behavior in the environment in which the behavior typically occurs |
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Psychoanalytic theory |
Humans are similar to animals in that they possess basic sexual and aggressive instincts that motivate behavior. |
