Educ 220 Ch 5

Front 1

Language development

Back 1

Depends on biological, cultural and experimental factors

Front 2

Mastery of language

Back 2

Requires reading the intentions of others so they can acquire the words, phrases and concepts of their language and find patterns in ways other people use words and phrases to construct language

Front 3

Perceptual narrowing

Back 3

Preference for familial language, common in monolingual babies

Front 4

Cognitive flexibility

Back 4

Remain open in regards to sound, common in bilingual babies

Front 5

Joint attention

Back 5

Child and caregiver attend to the same object/event at the same time, caregiver will ask questions and describe it, promotes attention, comprehension and vocabulary

Front 6

Child directed speech

Back 6

Refers to language characterized by short sentences with simple instructions delivered in higher pitched, exaggerated tones, baby talk, belief that babies are capable of reciprocal communication and we can bring them into conversation

Front 7

Language development

Back 7

2-3: identifies Boyd parts, calls self me, combines nouns and verbs, 450 words, shorts sentences, few colours, big and little, plurals and where questions

3-4: tells stories, 1000 words, knows last name, street and nursery rhymes

4-5: past tense, 1500 words, colours, shapes, asks why/who questions

5-6: longer sentences, 10000 words, knows object use, spatial relations, opposites, address

Front 8

Expressive vocab

Back 8

Words a person can speak

Front 9

Receptive vocab

Back 9

Words a person understands spoken or written

Front 10

Overregularize

Back 10

Apply a rule of syntax or grammar where the rule does not apply as children try to assimilate new words into existing schemes

Front 11

Syntax

Back 11

The order of words in phrases or sentences

Front 12

Pragmatics

Back 12

Appropriate use of language to communicate in social situations, how to enter a conversation, tell a joke, interrupt, adjust language for listener

Front 13

Meta linguistic awareness

Back 13

Developed at age 5, an understanding about language and how it works, ability to talk about language and have knowledge about language itself

Front 14

Emergent literacy

Back 14

Skills and knowledge developed in preschool years, foundation of development for reading and writing, critical factors: conversation with adults and joint reading, books support talk through sounds, words, pictures and concepts

Front 15

Skills for reading

Back 15

Understanding sounds and codes, sounds are associated with letters and words are made up of sounds, oral language skills, knowledge of syntax, ability to understand and tell stories

Front 16

Additive bilingualism

Back 16

You kept your first language and added another

Front 17

Subtractive bilingualism

Back 17

Losing your first language when you added a second

Front 18

Bilingualism benefits

Back 18

Increased cognitive abilities in concept formation, creativity and theory of the mind, cognitive flexibility, understanding that words are symbols for language, advance metalingustics, better reading comprehension

Front 19

Heritage language

Back 19

Language spoken in the home of by older relatives when society speaks a different language

Front 20

Academic language

Back 20

Language used in school, such as analyze, evaluate, summarize, angle, equation, derivative

Front 21

Dialect

Back 21

Variety of language spoken by a particular group, regional variation on language, groups collective identity

Front 22

First Nations dialects

Back 22

Group of English dialects used by aboriginals, differ from mainstream speech that they are identifiable by the way they talk

Front 23

Code switching

Back 23

Moving between two forms of speech, professional/formal and casual/informal

Front 24

Genderlects

Back 24

Different ways of talking for males and females, girls tend to be slightly more talkative, boys are more competitive in their speech

Front 25

Immigrants

Back 25

People who voluntarily leave their country to become permanent residents in a new place

Front 26

Refugees

Back 26

A group of immigrants who relocate voluntarily fleeing their home country because it is unsafe

Front 27

Cultural deficit model

Back 27

Explains school achievement problems of ethnic minority students by assuming that their culture is inadequate and does not prepare them to succeed in school

Front 28

Generation 1.5

Back 28

Children not born in Canada but who immigrated with their 1st generation parents before adolescence, most schooling is done here, perceive their identity as divided, fluent in conversational English, learn from what they hear

Front 29

English language learners

Back 29

Students who are learning English, ESL classes are devoted to this, focus on immersion, makes English learning quicker