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32 Cards in this Set

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What is the ARCS model?

The ARCS model are conditions needed for motivation to learn.

What does ARCS stand for?

Attention


Relevance


Confidence


Satisfaction

What are the 2 types of motivation?

Extrinsic


Intrinsic

What is extrinsic motivation?

Extrinsic motivation means students work for external reasons like: money, praise, pleasing others, and avoiding punishment.

What is intrinsic motivation?

Intrinsic motivation means students work for internal reasons like: pleasure, enjoyment and curiosity.

What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Basic Needs- this isthe lower level. This means that humans require physical and psychologicalwell-being.




Deficiency Needs- ifbasic needs are not met, they are referred to as deficiency needs. This must beat least partially satisfied before a person can be motivated to pursuehigher-level needs.




Growth Needs- When thisis met, it enables humans to grow psychologically.




Self-actualization- asgrowth needs become satisfied; a person is able to fulfill his or her ownpotential.


What is instruction?

Instruction is a set of events designed to initiate, activate, and support learning.

What is an objective?

An objective is a statement about what students should be able to do as a result of instruction - after instruction. It is generally stated as:




By the end of this lesson, students will be able to:

What does alignment mean?

When we refer to ALIGNMENT in teaching and learning it means:


1. Teach your students a concept


2. Have them practice that concept


3. When you assess students to determine if they learned the concept, make sure that the assessment matches the practice.

What are the Five Types of Learning Outcomes?

Verbal Information- Capability that makes communication possible.




Intellectual Skills- Verbal skills refer to knowing "what", and intellectual skills refer to knowing "how".


Cognitive Strategies- Capability that enables learners to organize


and regulate their own internal processes.




Attitudes- Personal feeling that influences a person's choice of actions.




Motor Skills- Physical control of muscles, such as: riding a bike or using a computer.

What is Teacher-Centered Instruction?

Teacher-Centered Instruction is where the teacher has a high level of control over the teaching and learning process.

What is Student-Centered Instruction?

Student-Centered instruction moves the focus of the learning activity away from the teacher and toward the students. The teacher is now looked upon as a facilitator rather than a boss. This includes small group instruction.

What are the 5 ingredients to cooperative learning?

Face-to-Face Interaction




Individual Responsibility




Collaborative Skills




Group Processing




Positive Interdependence

What are the 2 types of peer tutoring?

Same age tutoring




Cross age tutoring

What is Information Processing Theory?

INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY is based on a computer metaphor that assumes humans can process information in much the same way as computers do.

What is metacognition knowledge?

Metacognitive knowledge involves reflecting on your own thoughts which can include factual knowledge and strategic knowledge.

What is metacognition activity?

Metacognitive activity occurs during actual problem-solving when a student changes his approach to that activity based upon reflection and adaptation.

What is chunking?

When you begin giving students lots of information without "hooking" the information to something or chunking it together for them, students will not retain the information very well.

What are Mnemonics?

Mnemonics are memory aids. Math teachers have used "PEMDAS", or the phrase "Please excuse my dear Aunt Sally", to assist students in remembering the order of operations.

What is long-term memory?

Long-term memory is considered to be the permanent storage place of the human information processing system.




Long-term memory has three jobs: Storage, Search and Retrieval

What is Behaviorism?

Behaviorism is a school of thought that focuses on the observable behavior, instead of on mental or cognitive processes.

Why is it important to understand Behaviorism?

It is important to understand behaviorism because our educational system still has components of behaviorism embedded in the way our classrooms function today.

What is the Hawthorne Effect?

When you over use a reinforcer and it loses its motivating effect. If too much reinforcement is given, it loses its impact. Be careful when you use it, that you do not over use it.

What are Antecedents according to Skinner?

Antecedents refer to the events that come before a behavior.

What are Consequences according to Skinner?

Consequences refer to the events that come after a behavior.

What are the schedules of reinforcement?

There are two main types of reinforcement: CONTINUOUS & INTERMITTENT CONTINUOUS




Continuous reinforcement is exactly as it sounds: responding continuously to some behavior. This obviously poses a problem for teachers. As you know, you can't respond to a child's every move.




INTERMITTENT




Intermittent reinforcement is contingent on some schedule or combination of schedules.

What is primary reinforcers?

A primary reinforcer is something that is basic to human function, such as: Love, Food, Sex, Water, Shelter, Physical comfort.

What is secondary reinforcer?

A secondary reinforcer, or conditional reinforcer, is a neutral object or gesture that acquires the power to reinforce behavior as a result of it being paired with one or more primary reinforcers.

Describe the characteristics of gifted learners

Gifted children like math art and music. Gifted children seem to learn more effortlessly than other children in one area. They seem to require less support from adults than non-gifted children. Gifted children show an intense and obsessive interest in an area.

Describe the various types of exceptional learners.

The term Exceptional Learners refers to a wide range of learners spanning from students with disabilities to gifted learners. The terms used to refer to exceptional learners have changed over time. In the past, we referred to children with disabilities as "disabled children". A more current description is "children with disabilities".

What are some of the factors that affect teacher's beliefs about students?

Gender, from other teachers, previous siblings, ethnic background, and ability or disability

How do students' needs and wants affect their motivation to learn?

To help your students improve their motivation to learn in your classroom, you must understand the needs and wants of your students and how these influence motivation.