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A reads text to speech;
47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is reading ?
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A process in which information from the text and the knowledge possessed by the reader act together to produce meaning.
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______- a letter cluster that stands for one sound /ch/, /sh/, /zh/, /th/, /wh/, /ng/
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Diagraphs
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_______- consonant clusters: two or more consonants that appear together in a word, each retaining its own sound. Some examples fr, dr, tr, st, bl, cl, fl
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Blends
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_______ - when a vowel letter is followed by the letter r, it affects the vowel sound so that it is neither short nor long. Remember the r is "rude"
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R-controlled vowels
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_________- an unstressed sound commonly occurring in unstressed syllables. It is represented by the symbol /upside down e/ and closely resembles the short sound of u.
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Schwa
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_______ - a single vowel sound made up of a glide from one vowel sound to another in immediate sequence and pronounced in one syllable.
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Diphthongs
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_________- is a broad term that includes phonemic awareness and activities that promote this
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Phonological awareness
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__________- the ability to HEAR, identify, and manipulate the individual sounds - phonemes - in spoken words
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Phonemic awareness
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_____ - when children combine individual phonemes to form words, they are doing this to their phonemes
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Blending
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__________- when children break words into their individual phonemes, they are doing this to their words
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Segmenting
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_______- the smallest part of the spoken language that makes a difference in the meaning if words /k/ /a/ /t/
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Phoneme
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________- is the smallest part of the written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word. CAT
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Graphemes
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________- a word part that contains a vowel or a sound
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Syllable
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________- the initial consonant (s) sound of a syllable.
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Onset
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________- the part of a syllable that contains the vowel and all that follows it.
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Rime
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________- is the understanding that there is a predictable relationship between phonemes and graphemes.
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Phonics
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Why is phonemic awareness important?
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- A prerequisite for learning to read
-Children do better in both reading and spelling |
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___________- integrating this new information into our existing files
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Assimilation
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________- modifying or creating new a new file for this information.
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Accommodation
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Readers chunk ideas into phrases within a sentence
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microprocesses
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Readers infer connections and relationships between sentences by noticing pronoun substitutions, and connections such as also, therefore, etc.
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Integrative processes
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Readers organize and summarize ideas as they read; they look at the big picture of the entire text as well as the smaller units in the text.
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Macro processes
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Readers make connections to their own lives and to other literature. They make predictions , connect their reading to prior knowledge, and identify with characters.
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Elaborative processes
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Readers monitor their comprehension and use problem solving strategies to read effectively.
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Metacognitive processes
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What are the 4 language systems?
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Phonological, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic
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The. Sound system of English has approximately ____ sounds.
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44
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________- the smallest unit of sound
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Phoneme
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_______- the written representation of a phoneme using one or more letters
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Grapheme
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___________-understanding that speech is composed of individual sounds
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Phonemic awareness
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________- teaching sound-symbol correspondence and spelling rules
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Phonics
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What are some characteristics of the phonological system?
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- pronouncing words
- detecting regional and other dialects - decoding words when reading - spelling - diving words into syllables |
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What is the syntactic system?
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The structural system of English that governs how words are combined into sentences
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____________- the structure or grammar of a sentence (word order)
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Syntax
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_________- the smallest meaningful unit of language
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Morpheme
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__________- a morpheme tart can stand alone as a word (dog)
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Free morpheme
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_______ - a morpheme that must be attached to a free morpheme
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Bound morpheme
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What are some characteristics of the semantic system?
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- meaning
- learning the meaning if words - using context clues to figure out an unfair out an unfamiliar word - studying synonyms, antonyms, and homonyms |
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What is the pragmatic system?
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- the system of English that varies according to social and cultural uses
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_________- the purpose for which a person users language
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Function
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_______- the form of English used in textbooks and by television newscasters
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Standard English
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__________- other forms of English
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Nonstandard English
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What are some forms of the pragmatic system?
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- varying language to fit specific purposes
-reading and writing dialogue in dialects - comparing standard and nonstandard English forms of English |
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________ - refers to all the words we use to talk about while reading and writing. It includes terms as word, letter, sentence, and sound.
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- jargon
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________ - words that young children have learned that are familiar to them.
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- concrete words
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_________ - the rules about how we proceed through print.
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- conventions
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________ - children who give "school-world" answers to this critical question demonstrate that they don't see reading and writing as part of their real world. It includes print concepts, phonological and phonemic awareness,etc.
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- functions of print
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_________ - The ability to identify the names and shapes of the letters of the alphabet.
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- letter knowledge
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