Ecology(Final)

Front 1

Which of the following is highest in the biological hierarchy?

Back 1

Desert ecosystem

Front 2

Exclusive of viruses, which of the following is not a characteristic of all life?

Back 2

Produce high energy compounds in organelles called mitochondria

Front 3

True or false? Entropy always increases

Back 3

False

Front 4

Biological systems are?

Back 4

Open

Front 5

True of false? Descent with modification necessitates branching trees of relationships

Back 5

False

Front 6

Which of the following is incompatible with the Three Domain classification?

Back 6

Symbiogenic origin of eukaryotes

Front 7

Individuals and their accomplishments/opinions.

Back 7

1-B,2-A,3-E,4-C,5-D

Front 8

The Five Kingdom classification divides all life into a) Animalia, b) Fungi, c) Monera, d) Plantae and e) Protista. Which of these are contained in the Domain Eukarya?

Back 8

A,B,D,E

Front 9

What was Reverend Paley's iconic example of Intelligent Design?

Back 9

A watch

Front 10

The central dogma of molecular biology holds that information flows from DNA to RA to proteins. Which of the following constitutes an exception?

Back 10

Prions, RNA viruses, Retroviruses. (A,B,C)

Front 11

The genetic code is said to be degenerate because?

Back 11

Some amino acids are coded for more than one codon

Front 12

The existence of vestigial organs

Back 12

All of the above

Front 13

Darwinsism was under attack. Among the most telling criticisms was

Back 13

Continuing loss of variation in sexual species due to blending

Front 14

Giraffe's neck. The anatomy of the head-neck articulation is consistent with the

Back 14

Foraging height hypothesis

Front 15

Which of the following was not one of Darwins facts?

Back 15

None of the above

Front 16

The eyes of vertebrates and cephalopods

Back 16

are controlled by orthologous genes during development

Front 17

Darwin and Wallace have similar views with regard to

Back 17

the importance of natural selection

Front 18

Which of the following observations supports the bird predication hypothesis regarding the evolution of industrial melanism?

Back 18

Melanic moths first appeared in the vicinity of manufacturing centers such as Manchester

Front 19

Johnston argues that the publication of The Origin drove the final nail in the coffin of which idea?

Back 19

Great Chain of Being

Front 20

Small molecules that regulate gene expression can attach to which part of eukaryote chromatin?

Back 20

1,2

Front 21

The term "ring of life" refers to

Back 21

a ring-like pattern of relatedness among prokaryotes and the emergence of eukaryotes thereform

Front 22

The emergence of antiobiotic-resistant strains of bacteria has led to renewed interest in treating bacterial infections with

Back 22

Viruses

Front 23

The term "persister cells" has been applied to bacteria that defeat antibiotics by

Back 23

reducing the rate of antiobiotic uptake from the envrionment

Front 24

Replica plating experiments suppourt the hypothesis that adaptive mutations in bacteria

Back 24

exist prior to exposure to the selective agent

Front 25

Which of the following does not cause lateral/horizontal gene flow in bacteria?

Back 25

None of the above

Front 26

With regard to the plants and animals he observed while exploring the Galapagos Island,k Darwin was most impressed by

Back 26

The fact that the various islands were inhabited by plants and animals different from, but closely related to those living on other island

Front 27

Peter and Rosemary Grant documented

Back 27

continuing evolution of Darwins finches in response to environmental fluctuations, the relationship of bill shape and shape to diet.

Front 28

Which of the following can account for the evolution of altruism?

Back 28

All the above

Front 29

Non-avian dinoaurs

Back 29

nested in colonies

Front 30

"authoritarian ties that bind"

Back 30

promoted cooperation and societal functioning

Front 31

Mendel's pea experiments were undertaken to determine

Back 31

The stability of hybirds

Front 32

The term "alternation of generations" refers to alternatining

Back 32

haploid;diploid

Front 33

Consider a single locus with two alleles, A and a. The observed genotypic frequencies are PAA=0.09 and Paa=0.49 What is the frequency of a?

Back 33

0.7

Front 34

True breeding short(2ft) and tall(4ft) plants are crossed as shown. The pattern of inheritance is consistent with which of the following?

Back 34

Blending inheritance

Front 35

To which of the following conclusions does the fox farm domestication experiment point?

Back 35

Inferring past selection can be complicated by the correlated development of superficially unrelated behavioral and anatomical characters

Front 36

Which of the following most strongly suggests that a theory is true; alternatively, that if will be difficult to falsify?

Back 36

It can predict a multitude of seemingly unrelated phenomena, some of which were unknown when the theory was first formulated

Front 37

Fear conditioning can be transmitted to a male mouse's offspring in the absence of any contact between father and offspring? Which of the following does this observation support?

Back 37

The inheritance of acquired characters

Front 38

Based on Darwin's argument, how would expect the tube length of red clover flowers to vary with distance from the nearest village?

Back 38

The greater the distance, the shorter the tubes

Front 39

Shared amino acid sequences and patterns of protein folding have recently been cited as evidence that viruses

Back 39

Are descended from more complex entities that antedated or coexisted with the ancestors of conventional life forms

Front 40

In the absence of limits to population growth,a superior mutant... With a passage of time, the frequency of the mutant will approach

Back 40

will not, 1.0

Front 41

The fact that small changes in regulation can produce large changes in phenotype is consistent with

Back 41

the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution

Front 42

Which of the following is likely to favor the evolution of strength and aggressiveness

Back 42

Resources concentrated in one or a few locations

Front 43

Pre-Darwin, dinosaur sophistication vis-a-vis contemporary reptiles was viewed as an argument....evolution

Back 43

against

Front 44

True of false? Most, but not all, epigenetic marks are erased during early development

Back 44

True

Front 45

It was suggested in lecture that evolution is two theories, not one. What are the the two theories

Back 45

Descent with modification, and mechanism

Front 46

Homology is

Back 46

similarity resulting from common descent

Front 47

According to proponents of "punctuated equilibrium" extended periods of evolution can be caused by

Back 47

genetic co-adaptation

Front 48

Peter and Rosemary Grant documented continuing evolution of bill size and shape in Darwin's finches in response to

Back 48

changing resource availability that resulted from year-year variations in rainfall

Front 49

Which of the pictures at the right best represents the dependence of system's entropy?

Back 49

C

Front 50

Construction of the first genetic maps was based on

Back 50

deviation from independent assortment

Front 51

Which of the following scientists would most likely have been comfortable with the Eldredgae-Gould model of evolution?

Back 51

Cuvier

Front 52

Which of the following is not a proposed benefit of diplody?

Back 52

Doubls a species' reproductive rate

Front 53

Which of the following reflects current utility as opposed to evolutionary history

Back 53

The panda's thumb

Front 54

According the the Modern Synthesis, progress over geological time is due to

Back 54

natural selection

Front 55

True of false? Equilibrium is defined as the tendency of a system to return to its original state following a perturbation?

Back 55

False

Front 56

Consider a single locus with two alleles A, and a. Let the fitness of heterozygotes can be 1.0 and the fitness of both homozygotes will be 0.5. The frequency of A will tend to... with the passage of time

Back 56

0.5

Front 57

Consider the figure at the right. Which of the following statements is true?

Back 57

p=0 and p=1 are unstable equilbira

Front 58

In populations exposed to malaria, HBS is maintained by

Back 58

heterozygote advantage

Front 59

Rate of recessive mutant arises to be 10 to the -9. The equilibrium frequency of the mutant gene is

Back 59

10 to the -4

Front 60

In which of the following cases is a deleterious mutation least rapidly removed by selection?

Back 60

Fitness of the three genotypes are 1,1,1-s

Front 61

Which of the following might one conclude if a population is not in H-W equilibirum

Back 61

A,B,C

Front 62

Mr. and Mrs. Jones have an average IQ of 180. What is the expected IQ of their children if the heritability of IQ is 1/3 and the average IQ is 120?

Back 62

140

Front 63

Assortative mating

Back 63

decreases the level of heterozygosity in a population

Front 64

Genetic drift is most likely when

Back 64

populations are small and selection is weak

Front 65

Which of the following species concepts is only applicable to living species?

Back 65

Biological

Front 66

Eventually....selection gives way to.....selection and size and swiftness stop changing in both species

Back 66

directional;stabilizing

Front 67

How might one account for the fact that mean birth weight of humans is slightly less than the weight that maximizes infant survival?

Back 67

Parent-offspring conflict

Front 68

Following the re-establishment of gene flow between two formerly isolated populations

Back 68

Either a,b is possible

Front 69

Speciation by polyploidy is an example of....speciaion. Creation by founder effect is an example of... speciation

Back 69

sympatric;peripatric

Front 70

The new species of Darwin's finch recentlydiscovered on Daphne Island is isolated from other finches by difference in

Back 70

song

Front 71

Coyote populations has been facilitated by hybridization with..This has allowed the coyotes to...

Back 71

None of the above

Front 72

On which of the following kind of island would you most likely expect adaptive radiation?

Back 72

Oceanic island that are part of archipelagoes

Front 73

Which curve is the observed body size?

Back 73

B

Front 74

Darwins finches are to the Galapagos as...are to the Hawaiian Islands

Back 74

Silverswords

Front 75

The sterilization programs promoted by early twentieth century eugenists were doomed to failure because the traits targeted for elimination were

Back 75

controlled by many genes of which had small effect, determined to a significant degree by environmental factors (b,c)

Front 76

Only one of the following taxonomic categories can be defined unambiguously and then only in certain circumstances. Which it is?

Back 76

Species

Front 77

Mass extinctions are generally believed to the result of

Back 77

Unique events that occurred over geologically short time periods

Front 78

During the days of coal-fired industry, the frequency melanic moths typically increased along rural to urban transects. Following the passage of clean air laws the steepness of the clines

Back 78

decreased

Front 79

The term "ring of life" refers to

Back 79

ring like pattern of relatedness among prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Front 80

Which of the following geologic time period was the longest?

Back 80

Precambrian eon

Front 81

Which of the following constitutes the earliest evidence of life?

Back 81

12c enriched organic matter

Front 82

If life's building blocks evolved in ice, the reason may have been that

Back 82

Ice contains microscopic pockets of water in which the concentration can become high enough to force polymerization

Front 83

Which of the following is most often invoked to account for the extinction of the North American megafauna?

Back 83

Human hunting

Front 84

Cretaceous

Back 84

Chicxulub impact

Front 85

Ordovician

Back 85

Jawless fish

Front 86

Permian

Back 86

Siberian traps

Front 87

Precambrian

Back 87

Moon formed

Front 88

Triassic

Back 88

First dinos

Front 89

It has been suggested that man is a self-domesticated species and that his domestication was a consequence of the

Back 89

agricultural revolution

Front 90

The lack of precambrian fossils reflects which of the following factors?

Back 90

Animals lacked hard parts, older the rock (a,b)

Front 91

Flying vertebrates would be

Back 91

Polyphyletic

Front 92

Molecular oxygen first accumulated in

Back 92

the shallow ocean

Front 93

Which of the following synapomorphies link whales and artiodactyls?

Back 93

Ankle bone with two articular surfaces

Front 94

Which of the following characters comming to dolphins and ichthyosaurs are homoplasitc?

Back 94

forelegs modified to flippers, live birth, streamlined torpedo shape

Front 95

Which of the following origin of life theories solves the protien-nucleic acid, chicken-egg problem?

Back 95

RNA first

Front 96

Which of the following groups is monophyletic?

Back 96

Birds, mammals (a,b)

Front 97

The foliar theory of the flower hold that flower parts are modified

Back 97

leaves

Front 98

Which of the following hypotheses regarding the origin of eukaryotes entails symbiogensis?

Back 98

Chronocyte model, ring of life theory (a,c)

Front 99

Which of the following observations if true, would suppourt the symbiogenic origin of mitochondira and chloroplasts?

Back 99

a,b,c

Front 100

Haldane and Oparian disagreed with regard to?

Back 100

c,d

Front 101

In which of the three domains is multicellularity known to have evolved?

Back 101

Bacteria, Eukarya (b,c)

Front 102

Which of the following does not apply to giant viruses?

Back 102

Require host cell DNA to reproduce

Front 103

Which of the cladograms at the right is different from the other?

Back 103

None

Front 104

Which of the phylogenetic trees corresponds to the trait-taxon table at the right?

Back 104

D

Front 105

One theory for the evolution of the nucleus holds that mitochondrial acquisition triggered the eleaboration of nuclear membranes because it?

Back 105

protected host DNA from increased horizontal gene transfer consequent to symbiont lysis

Front 106

Which of the graphs below is consisent with an extraterrestrial origin of the DNA nucleobases in the meteorites?

Back 106

B

Front 107

To what additional finding did Callahan and his associates point in support of extraterristials origin of the DNA nucleobases?

Back 107

Non-biological synthesis yields nucleobase analogs not observed in living tissues as well as DNA nucleobases

Front 108

True or false? Oxidation of the earths atmosphere began before the evolution of eukaryotes

Back 108

True

Front 109

The flowers pictured at the right can be seen growing along the Mt. Lemmon. Which of the following is most likely their pollinator?

Back 109

Hummingbirds

Front 110

True or false? Modern humans and extinct populations such as Denisovans and Neanderthals interbred?

Back 110

True

Front 111

Which of the following exhibit serial homology?

Back 111

Arthropods, plants, vertebrates. (a,b,c)