Ecology Test 3: Chapter 14 Interspecific Competition

Front 1

What is the major force behind species divergence and specialization?

Back 1

competition

Front 2

___________ competition is a relationship that affects the populations of two or more species adversely.

Back 2

Interspecific
(rather than intraspecific, which occurs among the same species)

Front 3

__________ competition occurs when one species inhibits another by consuming a shared resource.

Back 3

Consumption

Front 4

__________ competition occurs when the occupation by one individual precludes establishment by others (e.g. sessile animals)?

Back 4

Preemption

Front 5

__________ competition occurs when one organism grows over another and inhibits access to an essential resource (e.g. light)?

Back 5

Overgrowth

Front 6

_________ ___________ involves the production of chemical growth inhibitors or toxins released by an individual.

Back 6

Chemical interaction

Front 7

_________ competition results from the behavior exclusion of others from a defended territory.

Back 7

Territorial

Front 8

_________ competition results during nonterritorial meetings (e.g. scavengers fighting over a carcass).

Back 8

Encounter

Front 9

What principle states that two species with exactly the same resource requirements cannot coexist?

Back 9

competitive exclusion principle

Front 10

What term describes two species that live in the same place and have exactly the same ecological requirements?

Back 10

complete competitors

Front 11

What term describes the full range of conditions and resources under which a species can survive and reproduce?

Back 11

fundamental niche

Front 12

What term describes the portion of the fundamental niche that the species actually exploits?

Back 12

realized niche

Front 13

What occurs when two or more organisms use a portion of the same resource (food or habitat) simultaneously?

Back 13

niche overlap

Front 14

What occurs when a species expands its niche in response to the removal of a competitor or when a species invades an island and expands into unoccupied habitats?

Back 14

competitive release

Front 15

What term describes the differences in the range of resources used or environmental tolerances, in turn allowing the coexistence of competitors?

Back 15

niche differentiation

Front 16

What term describes the partitioning of available resources which allows similar species to coexist?

Back 16

resource partitioning

Front 17

Name some ways in which species may exhibit resource partitioning.

Back 17

different kinds/sizes of food; feed at different times; forage in different areas

Front 18

What involves a shift in feeding niche that subsequently affects a species' morphology, behavior, or physiology?

Back 18

character displacement