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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the types of species competition? |
Intraspecific - Amongst individuals of the same species. Interspecific - Amongst individuals of different species. |
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What is Leibigs law of the minimum? |
It states that a population increases until the supply of the most limiting resource prevents it from increasing further. |
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What is the competitive exclusion principle? |
When two species cannot coexist indefinitely as they are both limited by the same resource. |
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What are competition coefficients? |
Variables that convert between number of individuals of one species and the number of individuals of another species. |
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What ways competitors gain advantages over each other? |
Exploitative - in which individuals consume and drive down the abundance of a resource to a point that other individuals cannot persist. Interference - when individuals defend resources. Apparent - when two species have a negative effect on each other through an enemy e.g., a predator or parasite. |
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Define allelopathy. |
A type of interference that occurs when organisms use chemicals to harm their competitors. |
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What are ecosystems often categorized by? |
The dominant organisms within them or there physical conditions that affect the distribution of species. |
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Define an ecotone. |
A boundary created by sharp changes in environmental conditions over a short distance, this causes a major change in composition of species. |
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What are the types of community? |
Interdependent - in which species depend on each other to exist. Independent - in which species do not depend on each other to exist. |
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What is a guild? |
Within a given trophic level some groups of species rely on similar food. |
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What are direct and indirect effects? |
- An interaction between two species that does not involve other species. - An interaction between two species that involves one or more intermediate species. |
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Define a trophic cascade. |
Indirect effects in a community that are initiated by a predator. |
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What are density-mediated indirect effects? |
Something caused by changes in the density of an intermediate species. |
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What are trait-mediated indirect effects? |
Something caused by changes in the traits of an intermediate species. |
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What types of control are there? |
Bottom-up - when the abundance of trophic groups are determined by the amount of energy available from producers. Top-down - when the abundance of trophic groups are determined by the existence of predators at the top of the food web. |
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What types of community stability are there? |
Stability - the ability to maintain a particular structure. Resistance - the amount of changes when acted upon by a disturbance. Resilience - the time it takes after a disturbance for a community to return to its original state. |
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Define alternative stable state. |
When a community is disturbed so much that species composition and relative abundance change, and the new community structure is resistant to further change. |
