Ecology Lecture 25 Exam 3

Front 1

What are the two types of biomass that can be measured?

Back 1

Above ground (trunk and leaves) and below ground (roots)

Front 2

What is the basis of photosynthesis?

Back 2

carbon dioxide + water + sunlight ---> sugars and Oxygen

Front 3

What is GPP as it relates to the light-dark bottle experiments

Back 3

GPP= Photo + Resp

Front 4

What is the equation for NPP

Back 4

NPP= GPP- Resp

Front 5

What is the light dark-bottle experiments?

Back 5

Carbon Dioxide sensor with a leaf in sealed chamber and a light source that is sometimes off and sometimes on

Front 6

What does ambient CO2 monitor?

Back 6

CO2 in forest

Front 7

What would one release when measuring the CO2 in the forest?

Back 7

C14, radioactive carbon

Front 8

What is the purpose of measuring CO2?

Back 8

Measuring primary productivity

Front 9

Is measuring CO2 in aquatic environments useful? Why or Why not?

Back 9

Not particularly because ti does not provide a good estimate of NPP because CO2 is rapidly converted into bicarbonate ions

Front 10

How is productivity across large spatial scales measured?

Back 10

Using remote sensing

Front 11

Suppose that you’re measuring the primary productivity of an aquatic plant. When transferring the plant to your test chamber, you have accidentally moved some plankton along with the plant. You perform the day/night measurements to determine NPP and respiration rate of the plant. Which kind of plankton in the chamber will most skew your results?

Back 11

Phytoplankton, Respiring + Photo/ Respiring

Front 12

Consumed energy that is excreted or regurgitated

Back 12

Egested energy

Front 13

Energy consumers digest and absorb

Back 13

Assimilated energy

Front 14

Assimilated energy a consumer uses for respiration

Back 14

Respired energy

Front 15

Rate of consumer biomass accumulation in a given area

Back 15

Net secondary productivity

Front 16

NSP equation

Back 16

NPP eaten- egested - respired = NSP

Front 17

Net secondary production is analogous to what?

Back 17

NPP

Front 18

Picture of secondary production

Back 18

Front 19

What does a roughly linear graph of secondary productivity vs. net primary productivity mean?

Back 19

Constant fraction of NPP makes it to NSP

Front 20

What are the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with the highest net primary productivity

Back 20

Tropical rainforests and tropical seasonal forests and then swamps and marshes and coral reefs

Front 21

More primary productivity means____seaonsal precipitation

Back 21

more

Front 22

In general, NPP is positively correlated with what?

Back 22

Annual temperature

Front 23

Which statement below best explains the correlation between temperature and NPP?

Back 23

Higher temperatures are due to more intense solar radiation

Front 24

What is the relationship between NPP and mean annual precipitation?

Back 24

Mean annual precipitation is positively related with NPP until 3 m of annual precipitation i reached

Front 25

Graph of mean annual precipiration and NPP

Back 25

Front 26

Why does high precipitation decrease NPP?

Back 26

late decrease because more precipitation washes out the nutrients

Front 27

What are the units of NPP?

Back 27

mg C / hectare/ year)

Front 28

What two nutrients can strongly affect NPP in terrestrial ecosystems?

Back 28

Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Front 29

Nitrogen and Phosphorus and NPP graph

Back 29

Front 30

What are aquatic ecosystems limited by?

Back 30

Light in addition to temperature, precipitation, and nutrients

Front 31

When aquatic ecosystems have similar temperature and light levels, NPP is largely limited by what?

Back 31

Nutrients

Front 32

Do Ocean biome have high or low NPP?

Back 32

low

Front 33

In the ocean, NPP has a lot to do with what?

Back 33

Oxygen

Front 34

What can limit the NPP of aquatic ecosystems?

Back 34

Both nitrogen and Phosphorus

Front 35

Of the control and just carbon nitrogen and then C, N, and P, which has the highest mass of phytopplankton

Back 35

Carbon, nitrogen, and Phosphorus

Front 36

Agricultural runoff has ___ N, P

Back 36

High

Front 37

What is an algal bloom?

Back 37

algae die, decompose, O2 used up and hten less O2 for fish causing them to die

Front 38

What two elements, besides N and P, can limit productivity in the ocean?

Back 38

Si and iron

Front 39

What is silicon used for?

Back 39

To build exoskeletons

Front 40

When iron is low in the water, what do microbes produce?

Back 40

Compounds called siderophades

Front 41

What does an increase in iron cause in the water?

Back 41

Increase in iron--> algae photoplankton--> death-->decompose--> Carbon dioxide

Front 42

a chart composed of stacked rectangles representing the amount of energy (ie pyramid of energy) or biomass (pyramid of biomass) in each trophic group

Back 42

Trophic pyramid

Front 43

Why are so many things producers?

Back 43

Due to inefficiency of assimilation from one level to the next

Front 44

Percent of Producers, Primary and secondary consumers in aquatic

Back 44

Producers- 86.1, primary consumers 11.5 %, secondary consumers 2.4%

Front 45

What are the terrestrial ecosystems producers?

Back 45

Trees, bushes

Front 46

Aquatic ecosystems have rapid consumption. What does this do?

Back 46

Flips biomass pyramid and phytoplanktons are consumed rapidly

Front 47

The percentage of energy or biomass in a trophic level that is consumed by the next higher trophic level

Back 47

Consumption efficiency

Front 48

What is the consumption efficiency units?

Back 48

Consumed (J)/ net energy at next lower level

Front 49

Primary consumers consumption efficiency units

Back 49

Consumed (J)/ Net primary production

Front 50

The percentage of consumed energy that is assimilated (ie Material that is not egested such as bones)

Back 50

Assimilation efficiency

Front 51

The percentage of assimilated energy that is used for growth and reproduction; the percentage of assimilated energy that remains after respiration

Back 51

Net Production efficiency

Front 52

What is an important fraction when looking at efficiency?

Back 52

Assimilated energy/ consumed energy

Front 53

What is an important fraction that can be as low as 1% in some homeotherms and as high as 98% in some sedentary poliotherms

Back 53

Net production (J)/ assimilated energy

Front 54

What does the fraction net production (J)/ assimilated energy mean?

Back 54

Energy converted into new body mass

Front 55

The percentage of net production from one trophic level compared to the next lower trophic level

Back 55

Ecological efficiency (food chain efficiency)

Front 56

What is the equation for ecological efficiency?

Back 56

Net production of one level/ Net production at lower level

Front 57

Ecological efficiency is between what and what?

Back 57

5-20%, rule of thumb ususally 10%