Ecology Exam 3 - Parasitism

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Microparasite

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a parasite that is much smaller than its host, has faster population growth than its host, many parasite individuals are supported by a single host individual, and a mild to deleterious effect on the host; a parasite of microscopic size

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Macroparasite

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a parasite that is smaller than its host, has faster population growth than its host, few to many parasite individuals are supported by a single host individual, variable (typically not too deleterious) effect on host

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Parasitoid

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a parasite that is smaller to similar in size to its host, comparable (but slightly slower) population growth rate than its host, one to few parasite individuals are supported by a single host individual, eventually fatal to its host; an organism with a mode of life intermediate between parasitism and predation; usually a species of hymenopteran (wasps, etc.), the larva of which feeds within the living body of the host, eventually causing its death

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Predator

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larger than its prey, slower population growth than its prey, one predator individual consumes many prey individuals, immediately fatal to its host; an organism that feeds by preying on other organisms, killing them for food

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Secondary Chemicals

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chemicals produced by plants that often repel parasites, and 1) have no known physiological function, 2) are not breakdown products of larger molecules, 3) are actively synthesized from smaller precursors, 4) often contain relatively rare components, 6) often are energetically expensive to produce, and 5) repel, injure, and/or kill parasites

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Aspect Diversity

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species solving a common problem in a variety of ways

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Coevolution

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the series of adaptations and counter-adaptations that causes gene frequencies to change even without gene exchange; the interdependent evolution of two or more species having an obvious ecological relationship, often restricted to cases in which the interactions are beneficial to both species but also used for any evolutionary interaction between species having some degree of interdependence, such as a parasite and its host; the simultaneous evolution of interacting populations

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Aposematic Coloration

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coloration having a protective function; sometimes used in a restricted sense for warning coloration only

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The SIR model is used to model:

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microparasitic interactions

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The SIR model indicates that:

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an infection cannot establish successfully unless S>N_T

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In the medical field, parasite typically refers to:

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eukaryotic pathogenic species

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Parasitism occurs when:

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individuals of one species-population are used as a resource by individuals of another species-population

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Where do plants sequester secondary chemicals in the highest concentrations?

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where the return, in terms of fitness, would be greatest (reproductive structures)

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Why do plants produce so many different kinds of secondary chemicals

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reduces likelihood of herbivory on any particular species of plant