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23 Cards in this Set

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organisms that obtain energy from inorganic sources,such as by photosynthesisobserv

Autotrophs

the energyautotrophs acquire from the inorganic environment

Primaryproduction

derive energy from sunlight through photosynthesis (plants)

Photoautotrophs

derive energyfrom inorganic compounds

Chemoautotrophs

organisms thatobtain energy from organic compounds, generally from other organisms, living ordead jj

Heterotrophs

Secondaryproduction

theacquisition of energy by heterotrophs c>ƅ7?Ax=

: theconcentration of elements and compounds can become increasingly concentrated inorganisms of higher trophic levels

Biomagnification

uset of pathways of energy transfer from primaryproducers through apex predatorsngs.

Food web

cyclic movement of nutrients through ecosystems byexchange among the atmosphere, rocks, soil, water, and organisms

Biogeochemicalcycle

BiologicalMechanisms of Nutrient Flux

Photosynthesis


Nitrogenfixation


Decomposition


Mineralization

unutrients (in the form of living organisms, detritus) move downstream where they enternew biological systems and continue downstream in new forms

Nutrientspiral

upopulation growth rate becomes negative below aminimum population size

Allee Effect

unpredictableoccurrence of unfavorable abiotic conditions

Environmentalstochasticity

random changein demographic variables in a small population

Demographicstochasticity

GeneticConsequences of Small Populations

Inbreeding


Genetic drift




Population bottlenecks

uharvest is limited to a certain number of individualsby establishing catch limits ]X<ր

Fixed-quotaharvest

harvest islimited by regulating the length of the harvest season, type of gear allowed,and so forth jj

Fixed-effortharvest

uthe monetary value of crucial services that healthy,functional ecosystems provide

Ecosystemservicesڕ=

LandscapeComponents

Cover type


Patch


Fragmentation

PatchCharacteristicson

uType (forest,lake, etc.)


uOrigin (disturbance,remnant, etc.)


uEdge (perimeter)


uSize (area)


uShape (perimeter:area)


uAge (time sincedisturbance)


uProximity (distance toother patches)

represent theglobal human footprint and types of human activity

Anthromes

MeltingIce and Rising Sea Levels

uThermal expansion - waterexpands as it warms




uMelting of land ice - glacier retreat and ice thinning at polesieclair2

GlobalEnvironmental Impacts of Human Activities

uAcid rain: decrease inpH of precipitation due to SO2 and NOemissions



uOcean acidification due toelevated CO2 levels




uNitrogen deposition due toindustry and agriculture