Ecology Chapter 25: Aquatic Environments

Front 1

What features can be said of marine (saltwater)?

Back 1

open water
coastal

Front 2

What features can be said about freshwater?

Back 2

lotic - flowing water (rivers and streams)

lentic - non-flowing water (ponds, lakes, and wetlands)

Front 3

Name the shallow-water zone of ponds/lakes in which light reaches the bottom.

Back 3

littoral zone

Front 4

Name the open water zone of ponds/lakes that extends to the depth of light penetration, habitat of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and nekton.

Back 4

limnetic zone

Front 5

Name the open water zone of ponds/lakes that goes beyond the depth of effective life penetration.

Back 5

profundal zone

Front 6

Name the bottom region of ponds/lakes that is the primary place of decomposition.

Back 6

benthic zone

Front 7

What are organisms living on submerged substrate that do not penetrate the substrate?

Back 7

periphyton/aufwuchs

Front 8

When do streams become larger?

Back 8

Streams become larger on their course to rivers and are joined along the way by many other streams.

Front 9

What is a first-order stream?

Back 9

a small headwater stream with no tributaries

Front 10

What is a second-order stream?

Back 10

formed when two first-order streams unite

Front 11

Name the term for drainage basin.

Back 11

watershed

Front 12

What are formed when rivers flow into the sea?

Back 12

estuaries

Front 13

What are semi-enclosed parts of the coastal ocean where freshwater joins saltwater?

Back 13

estuaries

Front 14

Which organisms have optimum salinity range and are attached to the substrate?

Back 14

sessile

Front 15

What kind of fish live most of their lives in saltwater and return to freshwater to spawn and are specially adapted to endure changes in salinity?

Back 15

anadromous fish

Front 16

What is the term for whole body of water?

Back 16

pelagic

Front 17

What is the term for the bottom region?

Back 17

benthic

Front 18

Which zone of the ocean is a vertical layer from the surface down to 200 m where photosynthesis occurs?

Back 18

epipelagic zone/photic zone

Front 19

Where must autotrophs reside?

Back 19

Autotrophs are restricted to the upper surface of the water where there is light (photic zone).

Front 20

What are swimming organisms that feed on zooplankton and pass energy to higher trophic levels?

Back 20

nekton

Front 21

What are a unique accumulation of dead skeletal material built up by carbonate-secreting organisms?

Back 21

coral reefs