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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The current state of e-wastes is that ________.
A.by EPA mandate, all metals in electronics have been replaced by biodegradable materials B.only because of the actions of charitable organizations, the recycling rate is 5% C. although recycling is improved, the rate of e-wastes going into landfills and incinerators is rising D. because the EPA has classified e-wastes as toxic, more than 95% are being recycled E. the recycling rate has dropped significantly between 1999 and 2010 |
C. although recycling is improved, the rate of e-wastes going into landfills and incinerators is rising
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As of 2008, the average American generates ________ lbs. of solid waste per day.
A. 9 B. 40 C. 1.5 D. 13.7 E. 4.5 |
E. 4.5
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To safeguard against groundwater contamination, sanitary landfills are ________.
A. lined with cement B. located on industrial sites where groundwater is not used for drinking or agriculture C. lined with plastic and clay D. located in unpopulated areas E. located on slopes so water runs downhill |
C. lined with plastic and clay
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The best solution to the solid waste problem is to ________.
A. increase the number of WTE facilities B. increase the number of sanitary landfills C. subsidize WTE facilities D. increase the number of oceanic burial sites E. reduce the amount of material that enters the waste stream |
E. reduce the amount of material that enters the waste stream
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The first bottle bills were ________.
A. a consequence of landfill regulations B. designed to cut down on litter C. designed to provide glass for road construction D. initiated in the 1990s E. designed to provide incentives to industry |
B. designed to cut down on litter
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The Fresh Kills Landfill ________.
A. will remain open until late 2020 B. was abandoned in the late 1970s C. site will be converted into a public park D. is New York's first and only modern sanitary landfill E. is the United States' first landfill conversion project |
C. site will be converted into a public park
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In 2007, San Francisco became the first U.S. city to ban ________.
A. composting B. sanitary landfills C. e-waste D. plastic shopping bags E. paper from entering their waste stream |
D. plastic shopping bags
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The earthworms, fungi, and bacteria in your compost pile will not be happy if you give them ________.
A. autumn leaves B. grass clippings C. paper D. plastic E. food scraps |
D. plastic
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Until the mid19th century, New York City's official method of garbage disposal was ________.
A. dumping it at Fresh Kills Landfill B. composting on New Jersey farms C. burying it in remote locations in Canada D. dumping it off piers into the East River E. burying it under the present site of the Statue of Liberty |
D. dumping it off piers into the East River
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Approximately ________% of all U.S. residents are served by curbside recycling programs in ________ states.
A. 30; 40 B. 40; 50 C. 30; 30 D. 50; 50 E. 60; 50 |
D. 50; 50
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Recycling aluminum cans saves ________% of the energy needed to make the same amount of aluminum from virgin bauxite.
A. 95 B. 80 C. 70 D. 50 E. 25 |
A.95
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In Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, glass is ________.
A. recycled into reflective paint and signs B. composted C. dumped at landfills D. melted down to make lightbulbs E. incinerated |
A. recycled into reflective paint and signs
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The best way to reduce plastic in landfills is to ________.
A.increase use of recycled items B. reuse beverage bottles C. buy products produced locally with minimal packaging D. use biodegradable plastic items E. urge the government to pass more bottle bills |
C. buy products produced locally with minimal packaging
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Closing the recycling loop refers to ________.
A.finding ways to recycle all plastics, including polystyrene B. purchasing items made from recycled materials C. composting biodegradable plastic D. covering landfills once they have outlived their usefulness and converting the sites to public parks E. avoiding contamination of plastic and paper collectables during sorting |
B. purchasing items made from recycled materials
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Plastic ________.
A.not made from recyclables is made from renewable raw materials B. from grocery bags is labeled with recycling symbols #1 and #2 C. polystyrene is considered a plastic contaminant D. from beverage containers is easily recyclable if decapped, washed, and squashed E.containers from motor oil are recycled with beverage bottles to make new bottles |
D. from beverage containers is easily recyclable if decapped, washed, and squashed
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________ are wastepaper contaminants that cannot effectively be recycled
A.Cereal boxes B. Corrugated cardboard boxes C. Newspapers D. Office papers E. Paper shopping bags |
A.Cereal boxes
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Paper and plastic waste share the following characteristics ________.
A.they cannot be incinerated to produce energy B. both are more than 90% recycled in the U.S. C. their increased consumption leads to increased waste D. they readily degrade in landfills E. they are both made from petrochemicals |
C. their increased consumption leads to increased waste
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LDPE is ________.
A. the plastic used to make grocery bags B. banned in Denmark C. not currently recycled D. a toxin found in most plastics E. the most widely recycled plastic |
A. the plastic used to make grocery bags
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A.The largest component of U.S municipal solid waste ____
B. The second-largest component of U.S municipal solid waste C. Often the primary contributor to solid waste in developing nations____ D. Waste that has taken up a substantially greater share of the waste stream since 1970___ E. Waste component from the Islip, New York, barge that was rejected by North Carolina, Louisiana, and Mexico in 1987, so it was returned to New York____ Metals,Glass,Paper, Pesticide precursors,plastic, food scraps, syringes-hospital gowns-diapers, yard debris, radioactive materials |
A. paper
B. yard debris C. food scraps D. plastic E. syringes, hospital gowns, and diapers |
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Industrial ecologists ________
A.favor an economy that moves linearly rather than circularly B. advocate taxes on green industries C. redesign industrial systems to minimize physical inefficiency and maximize economic efficiency D. primarily analyze industrial inputs E. urge an emphasis on internal manufacturing costs rather than external costs |
C. redesign industrial systems to minimize physical inefficiency and maximize economic efficiency
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A.defines how different organisms interact within ecosystems
B. examines the life cycle of products for ecological efficiency C. examines the cycling of carbon in the environment D. is an environmental movement designed to reduce municipal traffic and encourage alternative forms of transport E. is the study of statistical changes in the human population |
B. examines the life cycle of products for ecological efficiency
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Which of the following produces the largest amount of hazardous waste?
A.households B. building demolitions C. utilities D. industry E. agriculture |
D. industry
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RCRA is a U.S. law enacted in the 1970s to ________
A.protect endangered species B. regulate greenhouse gas emissions from power plants C. regulate how hazardous waste is handled D. restrict use of offroad vehicles in national parks E. reduce environmental levels of the 12 most toxic chemicals, called the "dirty dozen" |
C. regulate how hazardous waste is handled
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Which of the following represent criteria for classifying hazardous waste?
A.solid, liquid, gaseous B. nonbiodegradable and biodegradable C. municipal, industrial and agricultural D. inorganic and organic E. ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic |
E. ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic
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Heavy metals ________.
A. bioaccumulate in animal tissues B. are not harmful unless they are directly ingested C. are unregulated by the U.S. government D. become less hazardous after incineration E. become less hazardous over time as they degrade chemically |
A. bioaccumulate in animal tissues
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________ represent(s) the largest source of unregulated hazardous waste.
A. Small businesses B. Households C. Farmers D. Utilities E. Large industry |
B. Households
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Which of the following are classified as heavy metals?
A. any nonbiodegradable materials B. aluminum, iron, silicon C. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen D. lead, mercury, cadmium E. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium |
D. lead, mercury, cadmium
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E-wastes are a source of ________.
A. heavy metals B. ignitables C. acid corrosives D. compostable organic compounds E. radioactive materials |
A. heavy metals
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Presently in the United States, lowlevel radioactive waste is ________.
A. shipped to depositories in Ukraine B. not classified as hazardous C. not considered persistent D. disposed of in New Mexico E. incinerated |
D. disposed of in New Mexico
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As of early 2010, under the jurisdiction of the EPA, approximately ________% of hazardous sites identified under CERCLA as a national priority have been cleaned up.
A. 60 B. 50 C.40 D. 30 E. 3 |
D. 30
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Deep-well injection ________
A. injects mostly liquid hazardous wastes into porous rock deep beneath human water supplies B. is a method of disposing of hazardous wastes in deep aquifers C. is the EPA-approved method of disposing of low-level radioactive wastes D. has been banned as unsafe by the Dept. of the Interior E. is a pool of strong acids on the land surface used for breaking down e-waste |
A. injects mostly liquid hazardous wastes into porous rock deep beneath human water supplies
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The EPA is charged with cleaning up brownfields, which are ________.
A. desert regions used for unsafe nuclear waste disposal B. agricultural lands polluted by acid and heavy metals C. urban areas contaminated by acid drainage from mining D. coastal seagrass beds damaged by industrial dumping E. lands whose reuse or development is complicated by the presence of hazardous materials |
E. lands whose reuse or development is complicated by the presence of hazardous materials
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Funding for Superfund toxic waste sites ________.
A. is currently paid by polluting industries B. has become the responsibility of taxpayers since 2004 C. is no longer necessary because by 2010 all sites had been cleaned and restored D. is a portion of the EPA's budget E. has been eased because the costs of cleanup have diminished |
B. has become the responsibility of taxpayers since 2004
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