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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
carrying capacity
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number of organisms that can be supported in a given area under given conditions
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biological magnification
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DDT spayed to kill insects... not biodegradable... stays in ground and in living tissue and can be passed on
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Benthic
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bottom dwellers
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nekton
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swimmers
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planktonic
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free floaters
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Desert
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cacti - hot days, cold nights, low precip - dry, poor soil
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Tundra
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lichen - short cool summer, long cold winter, low precip - shallow permafrost
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Grasslands
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grasses, few trees - dry hot summer, cold winters, irregular precip - rich and deep soil
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Tropical Rainforest
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vines, ferns, large leaf plants - hot humid, constant temp, rainy and dry season - shallow poor nutrients in trees
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Taiga
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pine, conifers - short cool summer, long cold winter, lots of snow and rain - acidic soil
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Temperate Deciduous forest
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deciduous (oak, maple, poplar) - warm summer, cold winter, moderate precip - good, deep soil
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niche
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an organism's role in its environment (who eats it, what it eats, etc...)
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niche problem
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No 2 species can be in the same niche at the same time in the same place
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symbiotic
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Any interrelationship between organisms that are necessary for them to live
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predation
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hunter / hunted (wolves, deer)
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mutualism
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both benefit (rhino, tickbird)
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commensalism
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one benefits, one unaffected (shark, remora)
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parasitism
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one benefits, one harmed (tapeworm)
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Biome
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A combination of many ecosystems which share the same climate and vegetation
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Ecology
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study of biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions
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How biotic affects abiotic
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tree blocks sun from getting to flowers
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how abiotic affects biotic
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sun provides energy for plants
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Red tide cause
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heated water... algal bloom from pyrrophyta... Dinoflagellates (red color)... bioluminescent
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pyrrophyta produce
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neurotoxin (nerve poison)
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how clams get it
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clams filter feed... accumulate algae and neurotoxin
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organisms effected by redtide
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clams, mussels, quahogs, scallops (bivalves)
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paralytic shellfish poisoning
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paralyzes muscles...can't breathe... die
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water heats by...
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power plants, excess pollutants, bacteria release heat as they decompose, warm summer
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14 pH
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basic
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1 pH
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acidic
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7 pH
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neutral
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R selection
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have as many offspring as possible as fast as possible (fish, insects)
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K selection
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Kin... having few offspring and protection them until they reach maturity (man, horse, eagle)
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masting
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have all the offspring at one time
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Biological control
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Using another species or population to control the growth rate of a particular population
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hibernate
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metabolic rate change
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mammals that hibernate
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jumping mouse, little brown bat, woodchuck
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physiological adaptation
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how the body works internally
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physiological examples
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deer metabolism, hibernate, estivate, dormancy, shiver, countercurrent exchangers
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Morphological adaptation
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outward body structure
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Morphological examples
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jack rabbit ears (large) vs. hare ears (small)... they lose heat through ears, fur growth/loss, antlers, tree lose leaves, color change chameleon, fat buildup in bears
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density
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number of organisms per area
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demographics
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the characteristics of a population with respect to age, race, and gender.
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s-curve
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pionneer to climax community growth
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exponential curve
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human population
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sine curve
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predator/prey
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lag phase
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1 in s-curve
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exponential phase
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2 in s-curve
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stabilization phase
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3 in s-curve
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population
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a group of organisms of the same kind in a particular place and time
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density independent factors
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factors which effect a population the same regardless of population size (fire, pH, temperature)
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density dependent factors
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factors, both abiotic and biotic, which effect a population differently depending upon how crowded it is (food, shelter, disease, predation
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percolation test
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how easily water can flow through a medium
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dune plants importantcy
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prevent erosion
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denitrification
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NO3 (nitrate) becomes N2 (gas) and goes into atmosphere
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nitrification
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NO2 (nitrate) becomes NO3 (nitrate), usable by plants
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nitrogen fixation
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N2 (gas) becomes NO3 (nitrate) and can be taken in by plants
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ammonification
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waste/urine and dead organic matter converted from NH3 (ammonia) into NH4 (also converts N2 to NH4)
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Legumes
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Plant organisms involved in getting nitrogen gas into NO3
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nitrogen fixing bacteria
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Organisms in a mutual relationship with the plants above in getting nitrogen into a usable form
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bacteria
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Kind of organisms in the soil involved in every step of the nitrogen cycle
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decomposing
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major niche of bacteria
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assimilation (eating)
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how the animals get nitrogen
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Carson
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United States biologist remembered for her opposition to the use of pesticides that were hazardous to wildlife (1907-1964) (book - "silent spring")
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Darwin
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English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882)
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NO2
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nitrate
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DDE
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prevents calcium in eggshells... birds crush eggs when incubating... endangered species
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CFC's
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creating holes in ozone
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C02
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carbon dioxide from power plants, cars, etc...
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trophic level
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eating level
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autotroph (producer)
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makes own food (grass, algae)
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heterotroph
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must take in food
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herbivore
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eats producers (usually plants) (rabbit, guppy)
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carnivore
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meat eater (wolf, bass)
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primary carnivore
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eats herbivors
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secondary carnivore
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meat eater that eats a meat eater
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scavenger carnivore
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eats already dead meat (vulture, lobster)
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omnivore
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all eater (plants and animals) (man, bear)
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parasite
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lives off of living things (tape worm, tick)
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decomposer
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breaks down (recycles) dead organisms into original nutrients (bacteria, fungi, maggots, earthworms)
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