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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Biotic
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Living Environment.
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Abiotic
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Nonliving Environment.
ex. Water, Moisture, nutrients, Sunlight, Temperature. |
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Ecological System
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Interaction of biotic and abiotic environments so that a flow of energy leads to defined biotic structures and cycling of material between living and nonliving.
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Ecosystem
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First unit in ecological hierarchy that is complete. Has all components (biotic/abiotic) necessary for survival.
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Population
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Groups of individuals of any one kind of organism.
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Community
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All biotic populations occupying a given area.
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Landscape
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Heterogenous area of interacting ecosystem ex. watershed
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Biome
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Large regional/subcontinental system.
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Ecosphere
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Largest and most self sufficient. All living organisms of earth interacting w/physical environment.
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Energy sources
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Sun, wind, rain, water flow, fossil fuel.
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3 basic interactions
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1. Flow of energy (one way)
2. Community 3. Cycling of material |
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Input
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Sun, other(wind, rain water flow fossil fuel), immigration, organic material
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Output
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Emmigration, organic material, heat, pollutants
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Ecology
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Study of natural environment including the relationships of organisms to one another and to their surroundings.
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Ecological hierarchy
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atoms, molecules, cells, tissue, organs, organ system, organism, populations, community, ecosystem, landscape, biomes, ecosphere.
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Tropic meaning
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Nourishment.
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Upper Trophic Level
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Self nourishment. "Green belt" of chlorophyll containing plants (plants, algae).
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Lower Trophic Level
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Other nourishment. "Brown belt" of soil, sediment, decaying matter, roots.
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Six Components of Ecosystem
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1. Inorganic material
2. Organic material 3. Air, water 4. Producers 5. Phagotrophs 6. Saprotrophis decomposers(bacteria fungi) |
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Detritus
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Organic matter involved in decomposition of dead organisms.
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3 Products of Decomposition
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1. POM (particulate organic matter).
2. DOM (dissolved organic matter). 3. VOM (volitile organic matter) ex. fragance of flowers. |
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Zonation
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series of gradients
ex. temperature, moisture, depth |
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Mountian Ecosystem
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Tundra, Northern conifer forest, Pigmy conifer forest, Grassland, Desert.
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Photosyn. of sea ecosystem
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Littoral, limnetic, profundal
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Littoral
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Contains rooted floating emergent vegetation along the shore of a lake P/R>1
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Limnetic
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Open water of lake beyond the litterol zone P/R>1
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Profundal Zone
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Deep water area of lake. Not enough sunlight P/R<1
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Agroecosystem
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Man-made ecosystem
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Producers in Pond Ecosystem
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1. Marophytes-grow in shallow water rooed or large floating plants.
2. Phytoplankton-small floating plants, found throughout pound. |
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Consumers of pond ecosystem
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1. Zooplankton (animal plankton)
2. Benthos (bottom dwellers) |
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Temperature sea ecosystem.
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1. Eplimnion
2. Thermocline 3. Hypolimnion |
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Eplimnion
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Warmer, oxygen rich upper part of a lake when thermally stratified during summer.
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Thermocline
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Layer of water in a thermally stratifed lake where temperature profile changes rapidly relative to the body of water as a whole.
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Hypolimnion
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Cold, oxygen poor bottom part of a lake.
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Agroecosystem 1 differences between natural ecosystem.
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1. Auxiliary energy under human control. ex. human, animal labor, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation water, fuel powered machinary.
2. Diversity of animal reduced to amxiums yield of specific crop. |
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Agroecosystem 2 differences between natural ecosystem.
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2. Diversity of animal reduced to amxiums yield of specific crop.
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Agroecosystem 3 differences between natural ecosystem.
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3. Dominant crop under artifical selection
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Negative sides of agroecosystem
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soil erosion, pollution from pesticides, fertilizer runoff, high cost of suel subsideries, reduced biodiversity, vulnerability to weather changes and pests.
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Three types of agroecosystems
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1. Pre-industrial agricultural
2. Industrical/conventional agriculture. 3. Alternative agriculture |
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Pre-industrial agricultural
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Self-sufficient labor intensive, human and animal labor provide energy subsidery, no surplus for export ex. Asia, Africa, America.
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Industrical/conventional agriculture.
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Machines, fossil fuel fertilizers, insecticides, machines. crop production enhanced more surplus for export. Ex. More developed countries
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Alternative agriculture
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Low input sustaining agriculture. Emphasis on sustaining crop yield and profits while reducing inputs of fossil fuel, pesticides and fertilizer subsideries.
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Types of Pre-industrial
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1. pastoralism-herding cattle
2. Shifting agriculture- 3. Flood irrigation. |
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Shifting agriculture
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patch of forest cut, crops cultivated for a few years, then land abondoned to be rejuvinated by forest.
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Dicarboxylic acid cycle
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bright light, high temp, not inhibited by high Oxygen concent., deserts, little photorespiration
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Pentose phosphate Calvin Cycle
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moderate light and temperature, inhibited by high oxygen concentration, forests, more numerous
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Ammonification
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Conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia
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Nitrification
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Formation of nitrate from ammonia
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Nitromonous bacteria
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Convert ammonia to nitrite
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