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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Rock |
Solid, cohesive aggregate of grains of one or more minerals |
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Is molten rock material a rock? |
No |
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Cohesive |
Holds together (volcanic ash is not a rock but can turn into one) |
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Aggregate |
More than one crystal |
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Grains |
Synonym for crystals |
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Three rock types |
Igneous Sedimentary Matamorphic |
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Processes to make a rock |
Burial Uplift Weathering Erosion |
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First rocks ever |
Igneous |
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Igneous rocks |
Formed by cooling and solidifying (usually crystallization) of molten material (magma) |
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Texture: |
Size, shape and arrangement of mineral grains or crystals |
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Intrusive |
Rocks cooled slowly within earths crust (magma) |
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Extrusive |
Rocks cooled quickly outside earths crust (lava) |
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Extrusive textures: |
Aphanitic Porphyritic Glassy Vesicular Pyroclastic/fragmental |
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Aphanitic |
Rock is uniformly fine grained, interlocking equalgrainular that are too small to see with the unaided eye |
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Porphyritic |
Rock has a matrix of aphanitic material, containing larger crystals called phenocrysts |
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Glassy |
Extremely rapid cooling usually highly viscous, felsic lavas (high SiO2 low Fe/Mg) prevents crystal formation |
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Vesicular |
Bubble looking holes in the rock |
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Scoria |
Highly vesicular mafic rock/basalt |
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Pumice |
Frothy felsic rock/rhyolite |
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Anygdules |
Minerals deposited later in vesicle cavities |
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Pyroclastic/fragmental |
Shattered previously formed rock generally in angular fragments in a full range of grain sizes |
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Intrusive textures |
Phaneritic |
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Phaneritic |
Crystals uniform or equiangular and interlocking coarse grained easily seen with unaided eyes |
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Volatiles in igneous rocks |
Gasses dissolved 1. Vesicles 2. Fluid inclusions 3. Bound volatiles 4. Volatile-rock deposits 5. Pyroclastics |
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Fluid inclusions |
Trapped vapours or their condensates in bubbles |
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Bound volatiles |
Some volatiles are incorporated in the crystal structure of certain minerals: -H2O in form of the hydroxyl ion OH- -in amphiboles, micas, clays, or F in fluorite, lepidolite |
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Volatile rich deposits |
Pegmatites |
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Mafic &a Felsic rocks |
Mafic- High in Mg and/or Fe low in silica (<50%). Darker, denser, richer in Ca.
Felsic- high in silica (as much as 70%) and low in Mg/Fe. Richer in Na & K |
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Colour index |
Percentage of mafic minerals in rock |
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Front (Term) T |
Back (Definition) T |
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If SiO2 <55% there is no: |
Quartz |
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SiO2 >56% there is no: |
Pyroxene |
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SiO2 >56% there is no: |
Pyroxene |
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SiO2 > 51% there is no: |
Olivine |
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T |
R |
