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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is a system?
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a group of parts that work together
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Earth as a system ~ water cycle
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~water evaporates from the ocean, rises into the atmosphere, and then falls from the sky as rain
~rain flows into and over Earth and back into the ocean |
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Earth as a system ~ rock cycle (magma)
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new rock can form from molten material inside Earth called magma
~magma can rise to the surface and harden on land to form new rock ~ the new rock can then erode into small pieces ~ pieces washed into the ocean become sediment ~ sediment can crush together to form new rock |
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energy
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ability to do work
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the 4 main spheres of the Earth system
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atmosphere
geosphere hydrosphere biosphere |
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atmosphere
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relatively thin envelope of gases that forms Eath's outermost layer
~gases include oxygen, CO2, nitrogen |
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geosphere
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has three main parts: a metal core, a solid middle layer, and a rocky outer layer
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biosphere
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parts of Earth that contain living organisms
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hydrosphere
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3/4 of Earth is covered by water (oceans, rivers, lakes etc)
~ only 3% is fresh water ~ only 1% accessible |
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constuctive forces
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shape the land's surface by building up mountains
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destructive forces
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destroy and wear away landmasses through erosion and weathering
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feedback
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how changes in one part of the Earth affect others
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seismic wave
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produced after eathquakes occur
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pressure
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results from a force pressing on an area
~the deeper down inside Earth, the greater the pressure |
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crust
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layer of rock that forms the Earth's outer skin
* The crust is a layer of solid rock that includes both dry land and the ocean floor. |
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basalt
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dark, fine-grained rock
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granite
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light, coarse grained rock
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mantle
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~made of rock that is very hot, but solid
~divided into layers based on characteristics ~nearly 3,000 kilometers thick |
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lithosphere
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~the crust and the uppermost mantle are often grouped into a single layer
~ averages 100 kiolmeters thick |
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asthenosphere
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~soft layer under the lithosphere this material is hotter and under increasing pressure
~this part of the mantle can bend like a metal spoon |
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outer core
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layer of molten metal surrounding the inner core
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inner core
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~dense ball of solid metal
~extreme pressure squeezes the atoms of iron and nickel so much they can not wpread out to become liquid |
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radiation
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the transfer of energy that is carried in rays like light
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convection
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heat transfer by the movement of a fluid
ex. heat rising of a hot road |
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conduction
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heat transfer between 2 materials
ex. hot sand on your feet |
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density
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is a measure of how much mass there is in a given volume of a substance
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convection current
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definition: flow that transfers heat within a fluid
**Heating and cooling of a fluid, changes in the fluid's density, and the force of gravity combine to set convection currents in motion. |