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32 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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1. On 12 September 1812, Napoleon and the French army reached the hills outside of _________ and found it to be largely deserted, with fires burning throughout; for six days, the fires raged until 90 percent of the city was incinerated.
A. Madrid B. St. Petersburg C. Berlin D. Magadan E. Moscow |
E. Moscow
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2. In the photosynthesis reaction in plants, ________ is given off as a by-product of the reaction.
A. hydrogen B. oxygen C. carbon dioxide D. nitrogen E. water |
B. oxygen
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3. In effect, the solar energy stored by plants during their growth is ___________________.
A. returned to the atmosphere during fire B. lost forever during fire C. used to produce ozone during fire D. returned to their roots during fire E. stored in ribozomes during fire |
A. returned to the atmosphere during fire
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4. Fire-dependent natural ecosystems include all but which of the following?
A. grasslands B. seasonal tropical forests C. some temperate-climate forests D. the Mediterranean-climate shrublands E. dense tropical rain forest |
E. dense tropical rain forest
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5. In Mediterranean climates such as in the Californias, Australia, and South Africa, frequent wildfire is necessary for the health of natural plant communities because _____________________.
A. many of the plant species must have the smoke and/or heat of fire to germinate their seeds B. it helps to control parasites C. it influences insect behavior D. many of the plant species must have the smoke and/or heat of fire to germinate their seeds, it helps to control parasites and it influences insect behavior are correct. E. it controls seasonal variations of solar albinism |
D. many of the plant species must have the smoke and/or heat of fire to germinate their seeds, it helps to control parasites and it influences insect behavior are correct.
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6. The organic debris left on the ground after logging or windstorms is called _______________.
A. switch B. slag C. grush D. brush E. slash |
E. slash
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7. Grasses have broad, exposed surfaces resulting in ___________________.
A. fast-spreading fires B. slow-spreading fires C. substantial resistance to burning D. photo-antithesis |
A. fast-spreading fires
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8. The most intense fires occur in __________________________.
A. dense temperate-zone forests B. grasses that have broad, exposed surfaces C. sparse organic litter D. shrubs containing high contents of natural oils |
D. shrubs containing high contents of natural oils
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9. Wet wood becomes extremely difficult to ignite because ______________________.
A. the water in wet wood has a high capacity to absorb heat B. its temperature must be raised considerably C. the water displaces oxygen (necessary for ignition) in pores in the wood D. Both the water in wet wood has a high capacity to absorb heat and its temperature must be raised considerably are correct. E. the water in wet wood has a high capacity to absorb heat, its temperature must be raised considerably, and the water displaces oxygen (necessary for ignition) in pores in the wood are correct. |
D. Both the water in wet wood has a high capacity to absorb heat and its temperature must be raised considerably are correct.
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10. The thermal degradation of wood involves the process of _________.
A. parathesis B. electrolysis C. dialysis D. pyrolysis E. anoxic growth |
D. pyrolysis
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11. During burning, the chemical structure of solid wood breaks apart and yields __________________.
A. flammable hydrocarbon vapors B. water vapor C. tar D. mineral residues E. All of these are correct. |
E. All of these are correct.
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12. Wildfires that race through the treetops are known as ___________________.
A. crown fires B. bough fires C. slash fires D. hyperthermal fires |
A. crown fires
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13. The spread of fire depends on behavior within the fire itself and on ____________________.
A. the types of fuel B. weather C. topography D. Both the types of fuel and weather are correct. E. the types of fuel, weather and topography are correct. |
E. the types of fuel, weather and topography are correct.
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14. Fire burns faster __________________.
A. up a slope B. down a slope C. on flat ground D. Rate of burn is not dependent on amount or direction of slope. |
A. up a slope
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15. Heat-expanded air ___________________.
A. is more dense than cool air because molecules are pushing harder on each other B. is less dense than cool air C. has the same density as cool air because matter is neither created nor destroyed in fire D. contains less energy than cooler air because there are fewer molecules per unit volume |
B. is less dense than cool air
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16. The term "ladder fuels" refers to _____________________.
A. an evolutionary hierarchy of flammable plants, from primitive ferns to complex flowering trees B. a hierarchy of carbon-rich flammable materials, from wood to peat, coal, and petroleum products C. vegetation of varying heights, which allow fire to quickly climb upward D. fuel made of old woodworking scraps and workbenches E. extinguishing materials used by urban fire fighters |
C. vegetation of varying heights, which allow fire to quickly climb upward
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17. Sea breezes reach their maximum on-shore wind speeds ____________________.
A. during the hottest part of the day B. shortly after sunrise C. shortly after sunset D. at random times during a 24-hour period |
A. during the hottest part of the day
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18. Fierce winds occur when a high-pressure air mass spills over a mountain range and descends as warm, dry wind toward a low-pressure zone. These winds are called _____________________.
A. Foehn winds B. Chinook winds C. Diablo winds D. Santa Ana winds E. All of these are correct, depending on geographic location. |
E. All of these are correct, depending on geographic location.
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19. Pyrolysis of cellulose produces which of the following?
A. methanol (wood alcohol) vapor B. water vapor C. fatty deposits D. chlorophyll E. coal |
B. water vapor
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20. Which of the following was largely destroyed by fire in 1871?
A. San Francisco B. Tokyo C. Chicago D. Moscow E. Lisbon |
C. Chicago
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21. In the late 1900s, U.S. civilian fire deaths __________________________.
A. increased and dollar damage decreased B. decreased and dollar damage increased C. increased and dollar damage increased D. decreased and dollar damage decreased |
C. increased and dollar damage increased
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22. Which of these drives fires in Southern California?
A. Pacific trade winds B. Santa Clara winds C. Santa Ana winds D. El Niño winds |
C. Santa Ana winds
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23. Transfer of heat occurs by all but which of the following?
A. conduction B. refusion C. radiation D. convection E. change of state |
B. refusion
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24. Pyrolysis results in emanation of all but which of the following?
A. flammable hydrocarbon vapors B. tar C. water vapor D. oxygen |
D. oxygen
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25. Which of these two fires started within a few minutes of each other on 8 October, 1871?
A. Rome fire and San Francisco fire B. Oakland fire and San Francisco fire C. Peshtigo, Wisconsin, fire and Chicago fire D. Chicago fire and San Francisco fire E. Peshtigo, Wisconsin, fire and San Francisco fire |
C. Peshtigo, Wisconsin, fire and Chicago fire
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26. Mistakes, or "how to sacrifice your house to the fire gods" include _________________.
A. locating your house on a slope B. constructing your house of wood C. having a roof made of flammable wood shingles D. allowing tree limbs to hang over the roof E. All of these are correct. |
E. All of these are correct.
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27. Fire produces _________________.
A. oxygen and water vapor B. hydrogen and HCL's C. nitrogen and HFC's D. cellulite and ozone E. carbon dioxide and water vapor |
E. carbon dioxide and water vapor
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28. The vast majority of deaths from fire in the United States occur in ________________.
A. automotive accidents
B. nonresidential buildings
C. residential buildings
D. camp sites E. large industrial plants |
C. residential buildings
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29. If there is a high-pressure zone over the Rocky Mountains and a low-pressure zone in the Great Plains, winds can come rushing down the Front Range into the plains. These winds are known as _________________________.
A. Cherokee winds B. Fujita winds C. Chinook winds D. Saffir winds E. Santa Ana winds |
C. Chinook winds
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30. Chinook winds and Santa Ana winds are _______________.
A. cold, dry winds B. warm, humid winds C. cold, humid winds D. warm, dry winds E. warm, epicentral winds |
D. warm, dry winds
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31. In 1988, a U.S. national park had fires that burned over a million acres of forest. That park was _________________.
A. Yosemite National Park, California B. Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington C. Big Bend National Park, Texas D. Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona E. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho |
E. Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho
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32. Heat flows outward from a fire by ______________________.
A. diffusion of particles from hotter to cooler areas B. radiation from flames and hot surfaces C. convection of hot, lightweight buoyant gases that rise D. All of these are correct. |
D. All of these are correct.
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