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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rock that record geological events also record changing life forms of the
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past
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How old is the earth
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older than what anyone had prevously imagined
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How has the surface been changed
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by the sme geological process that continues today
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What is unformitarism
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means that the forces and processes that we observe today have been at work for a very long time
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What is Relative Dating
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Tells us the sequence in which events occurred, not how long they occured
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What is the Law of superposition
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States that in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks. Each bed is older than the one above it and younger than the one below it
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What is the principle of original horizontally
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means that layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position
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What is the principle of cross-cutting relationships
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States that when a fault cuts through rock layers, or when magma intrudes other rocks and crystallizes, we can assume that the fault or intrusion is younger than the rocks affected
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What is inclusion
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Are rocks contained within othe rrocks.
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If rock contain inclusion are they younger or older than the incusions they contain
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younger
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Rock that record geological events also record changing life forms of the
|
past
|
|
How old is the earth
|
older than what anyone had prevously imagined
|
|
How has the surface been changed
|
by the sme geological process that continues today
|
|
What is unformitarism
|
means that the forces and processes that we observe today have been at work for a very long time
|
|
What is Relative Dating
|
Tells us the sequence in which events occurred, not how long they occured
|
|
What is the Law of superposition
|
States that in an undeformed sequence of sedimentary rocks. Each bed is older than the one above it and younger than the one below it
|
|
What is the principle of original horizontally
|
means that layers of sediment are generally deposited in a horizontal position
|
|
What is the principle of cross-cutting relationships
|
States that when a fault cuts through rock layers, or when magma intrudes other rocks and crystallizes, we can assume that the fault or intrusion is younger than the rocks affected
|
|
What is inclusion
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Are rocks contained within othe rrocks.
|
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If rock contain inclusion are they younger or older than the incusions they contain
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younger
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What is unconformity
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Represents along period during which deposition stopped. Erosion removed previously formed rocks, adn then deposition resumed
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What is angular unconformity
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indicates that during the pause in deposition, a period if deformation (folding or tilting) and erosion occured.
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What is nonconformity
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is when the erosional surfaces seperates older metamorphic or intrusive igneous rock from younger sedimentary rocks
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What is disconformity
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when two sedimentary rock layers are separated by an erosional surface
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What is correlation
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Establishing the equivalence of rocks of similar age in different areas
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What are fossils
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the remains or traces of prehistoric life. They are important components of sediment and sedimentary rock
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What is the determination of type of fossil
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the type of fossil that is formed is determined by the conditions the organism died and how it was buried
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What is unaltered Remains
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Some remains of organisms-such as teeth, bones, and shells- may not have been altered, or may have changed hardly at all over time
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Altered Remains
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the remains of an organism are more likely to be changed over time. Fossils often become petrified or turn to stone.
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What are other common types of fossil?
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Molds and casts
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When is carbonization particularly effective
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pressuring leaves and delicate animals
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When does carbonization occur
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when an organism is buried under fine sediment
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indirect evidence
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trace fossils are indirect evidence of prehistoric life
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Conditions favoring preservation
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two conditions are important for preservation: rapid burial and the possession of hard parts
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What are fossils and correlation
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the principle of fossil succession states that fossil organisms succeed one another in a definite and determinable order.
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How can any time period be recognized by its fossil content
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fossils and correlation
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what are index fossils
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are widespread geographically, are limited to a short span of geologic time, and occur in large numbers
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What is interpreting environments
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fossils can be used to interpret and describe ancient environment
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What is basic atomic structure
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orbiting the nucleus are electrons, which are negative electrical charges
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atomic number
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the number of protons in the atom's nucleus
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mass number
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the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in an atom's nucleus
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radioactivity
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the spontaneous decay of certain unstable atomic nuclei
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half-life
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the amount of time necessary for one-half of the nuclei in a sample to decay to a stable isotope
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radiometric dating
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each radioactive isotope has been decaying at a constant rate since the formation of the rocks in which it occurs
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What does the procedure of calculating the absolute age of ricks and minerals contain
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radioactive isotopes
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what is radiocarbon dating
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as a radioactive isotope decays, atoms of the daughter product are formed and accumulate.
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How do you determine age
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by comparing the amount of carbon- 14 to 12 in a sample
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what is the importance of radiometric dating
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radiometric dating has supported the ideas of James Hutton, Charles Darwin, and other who inferred that geologic time must be immense.
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What is the Geologic time scale
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Based on their interpretations Earth's 4.56
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What are eons
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represent the greatest expanses of time
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eras
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divided eons
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periods
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Each era is subdivided into this
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epochs
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smaller units of periods that are divided
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