Earth Science Final

Front 1

Meteorologists need to measure various atmospheric conditions, including: (6)

Back 1

air pressure, precipitation, wind speed, humidity, temperature, wind direction

Front 2

What carries electronic equipment used for measuring weather conditions above earth's surface?

Back 2

weather balloons

Front 3

a tool used to measure air temperature

Back 3

thermometer

Front 4

an instrument used to measure air pressure

Back 4

borometer

Front 5

cone-shaped bag open at both ends, used to measure wind direction

Back 5

windsock

Front 6

device shaped like an arrow with a larger tail and is attached to a pole, used to measure wind direction

Back 6

wind vane

Front 7

an instrument used to measure wind speed, which consist of three or four cups connected by spokes to a pole

Back 7

anemometer

Front 8

measuring system used to find the location, movement and amount of precipitation

Back 8

radar

Front 9

___ ____ orbiting the Earth can also provide images of weather systems in order to track storms and measure certain conditions

Back 9

weather satellite

Front 10

NWS & NOAA collect and analyze data in US. On maps, station is represented by a _______ ________, or a small circle showing the location of the weather station

Back 10

station model

Front 11

lines connecting areas of equal air pressure

Back 11

isobars

Front 12

lines connecting areas of equal temperatures

Back 12

isotherms

Front 13

lines connecting areas of equal height

Back 13

isohypse

Front 14

lines connecting areas of equal precipitation

Back 14

isohyet

Front 15

When decoding: add a decimal point between the last __ digits of the coded _ digit number.

Back 15

2, 3

Front 16

Decode this number: 782

Back 16

1078.2

Front 17

Code this number 1002.1

Back 17

021

Front 18

movement of air caused by the differences in air pressure

Back 18

wind

Front 19

air travels in large circular patterns called _______

Back 19

convection cells

Front 20

combination of convection cells and the Coriolis Effect produces these patterns of air circulation

Back 20

global winds

Front 21

wind belts extending from the poles to 60 latitude in both hemispheres

Back 21

polar easterlies

Front 22

wind belts found between 30 and 60 latitude in both hemispheres

Back 22

westerlies

Front 23

winds blowing from 30 latitude almost to the equator in both hemispheres

Back 23

trade winds

Front 24

meeting place of the trade winds from both hemispheres around the equator (ITCZ)

Back 24

doldrums

Front 25

winds located at about 30 north and 30 south latitude

Back 25

horse latitude

Front 26

energy on earth is transferred in three main ways:

Back 26

radiation, conduction, convection

Front 27

the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves move through space

Back 27

radiation

Front 28

transfer of energy through contact of an object or to another object

Back 28

conduction

Front 29

thermal energy is always transferred from ___ areas to ___ areas.

Back 29

warm, cold

Front 30

transfer of energy by the circulation, or movement, of a liquid or gas (warm air rises, cold sinks)

Back 30

convection

Front 31

solar energy absorbed by earth is eventually _____ into space as thermal energy

Back 31

reradiated

Front 32

balance between incoming energy and outgoing energy

Back 32

radiation balance

Front 33

_% is scattered and reflected by clouds and air
_% is absorbed by ozone, clouds, and other gases
_% is absorbed by earth's surface
_% is reflected by earth's surface

Back 33

25,20,50,5

Front 34

most recent ice age _ mya

Back 34

2

Front 35

periods of cold in an ice age

Back 35

glacial periods

Front 36

periods of warmth in an ice age

Back 36

interglacial periods

Front 37

a theory explaining ice ages and why they alternate between cold and warm periods (earth's orbit and tilt)

Back 37

milankovitch theory

Front 38

how much a shape differs from a circle (earth's changes, so distance from the sun changes too)

Back 38

eccentricity

Front 39

earth's axis 23.5 degrees. varies from 22.2 to 24.5

Back 39

tilt

Front 40

earth "wobbles" on its axis, affects amount of solar radiation reaching different parts of earth's surface

Back 40

precession

Front 41

what are 4 examples of natural events affecting climate?

Back 41

volanoes, asteroids, sun cycle, global warming

Front 42

gradual increase in the average global temperature due to a higher concentration of gases in the atmosphere

Back 42

global warming

Front 43

earth's natural heating process in which carbon dioxide, water vapor, and other gases in the atmosphere trap thermal energy

Back 43

greenhouse effect

Front 44

clearing of forests

Back 44

deforestation

Front 45

any weather capable of causing property damage, injury, or even death

Back 45

severe weather

Front 46

small, intense weather systems producing strong winds, heavy rain, lightning, and thunder

Back 46

thunderstorms

Front 47

2 conditions necessary for thunderstorm development:

Back 47

warm air, unstable atmosphere

Front 48

3 stages of thunderstorm development:

Back 48

cummulus, mature, dissipating

Front 49

electric discharge occurring between a positively charged area and negatively charged area

Back 49

lightning

Front 50

2 names for hurricanes:

Back 50

typhoons, cyclones

Front 51

earth's surface covered by water? (%)

Back 51

71%