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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is density?
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the amount of mass in a given volume of air.
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What is the unit for density?
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Density=mass over volume.
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What is the difference between mass and volume?
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Mass is the amount of matter in an object, where volume is the amount of space an object takes up.
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What are the metric units for length, volume, and mass?
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Length: meters
Mass: grams Volume: Liters |
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Define: Atmosphere
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envelope of gasses that surround the Earth.
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Describe the four main layers of the atmosphere.
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Troposhere-lowest layers and this is the layer in which weather occurs.
Stratospher-contains ozone layer and is the second layer. Mesosphere-Middle layer and its the layer that protects us from meteoroids. Thermosphere-the outermost layer of the atmosphere and it is so hot that it is cold. These layers are classified according to change in temperatures. |
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What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is oxygen?
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21%
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What percentage of the Earth's atmosphere is nitrogen?
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78%
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What creates wind?
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the differences in air pressure.
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What is the Coriolis Effect?
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the way the Earth's rotations make the winds curve.
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Name & describe the 3 main types of clouds. What type of weather do they predict?
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Cirrus: good weather, wisp feathery clouds.
Cumulus: good weather, clouds that look like cotton. Stratus: cloudy weather, clouds that form in flat layers. |
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What are the 3 conditions that are required for cloud formation?
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condensation, presentation of particles, and cooling of air.
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What is air pressure?
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the result of the weight column of air pushing on an area.
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What happens to air pressure as altitude increases?
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The higher the altitude, the air has less weight pressing on it which is lower air pressure.
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Name and describe each of the four processes that make up the water cycle.
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Evaporation - the process in which liquid water escapes into the air transforming into water vapor.
Condensation - the process in which water vapor becomes a liquid. Humidity - the amount of water vapor in the air. Relative Humidity - the % of water vapor in the air compared to the % of water vapor it can hold. |
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How would you stay safe in the following storms. Thunderstorm and Tornado?
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Thunderstorm: stay indoors, do not go underneath trees and stay away from water and any electronics.
Tornado - Evacuate to a safe place. |
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Identify the five oceans.
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Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, Southern.
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Name the seven continents.
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North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antartica.
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Define salinity.
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a measure of the amount of dissolved solids in a given amount of liquid.
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What is the most abundant dissolved solid in the ocean?
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Sodium Chloride
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What happens to the temperature of ocean water as depth increases?
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it gets colder.
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Be able to identify each ocean temperature zone on a chart.
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surface: is the warm, top layer of the ocean floor
transition: the second layer of the ocean water where temperature drops with increased depth faster than it does in the other 2 zones. deep: the bottom layer |
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Define and give an example of Plankton.
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the mass of mostly microscopic organisms that float or drift freely in freshwater and marine environment. Example:Microscopic Fish
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Define and give an example of Nekton.
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all organisms that swim actively in open water, independent of currents. Example: turtle
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Define and give an example of Benthos.
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the organisms that live at the bottom of the sea or ocean. Example: crab
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Describe the three ways that heat can be transferred.
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Convection; in fluids, atoms, and molecules can move easily from one place to another. As they move, their energy moves with them.
Conduction: the transfer of heat between two substances in direct contact. Radiation: direct transfer of energy. |
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Explain how heat is transferred inside Earth through convection current.
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come back
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What is the greenhouse effect?
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the warming of the surface and lower atmospher of the Earth that occurs when water vapor, carbon dioxide, and other gasses absorb and reradiate thermal energy.
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What are the three Greenhouse gases?
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water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane & ozone
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What is global warming?
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a gradual increase in the average global temperature.
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What is the Outer Core?
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the Earth's core is divided into 2 parts, outer and inner core. The outer Core is liquid layer of the Earth's core that lies beneath the mantle and surrounds the inner core.
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What is the Inner Core?
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is the solid, dense center of our planet that extends from the bottom of the outer core to the center of the Earth.
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Define: Lithosphere
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the solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle.
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Define: Asthenosphere
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the soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move.
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Define: Mesosphere
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the layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and in which temperature decreases as altitude increases.
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Define: Oceanic and Continental Crust.
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both are made up of mainly the same elements; oxygen, silicon, and aluminum. Oceanic crust is denser and has twice as much iron, calcium and magnesium whcih form minerals that are denser than those of the Continental crust.
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What is Pangaea?
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the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations.
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What are the five characteristics of minerals?
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Solid.
Have crystalline structure. Has definite chemical composition. Inorganic Naturally occuring. |
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Define: Rock
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come back
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Define: Mineral
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a naturally occuring solid that can form by inorganic processes and that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition.
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Define: Luster
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describes how light is reflected from a mineral's surface. Example: metallic, silky, waxy, greasy, pearly.
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Define: Streak
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the color of the powder of a mineral. The streak color and the mineral color are usually different.
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Define: Hardness
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a measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching.
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How do Geologists classify rocks?
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according to their origin
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Define: Igneous Rocks
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formed from cooling of magma.
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Define: Sedimentary Rocks
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when small particles of rocks or remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.
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Define: Metamorphic Rocks
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forms when a rock is changed by heat or pressure, or by chemical reactions. They form deep underground.
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What gives rocks their texture?
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the size, shape and positions of the grains that make up a rock.
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What is the difference between coarse grain and fine-grained rocks?
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come back
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Identify the softest and the hardest minerals on the Moh's Hardness Scale. You should understand how the hardness scale works.
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Softest to hardest:
1. talc 2. gypsum 3. calcite 4. fluorite 5. apatite 6. orthoclase 7. quartz 8. topaz 9. corundum 10. diamond The greater a mineral's resistance to being scratched is, the higher the mineral's rating is. Try and scratch the surface of a mineral with the edge of one of the 10 reference minerals, If the reference mineral scratches your mineral, the reference mineral is harder than your mineral. |
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What is the Rock Cycle?
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it is the series of processes in which a rock forms, changes from one type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes.
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