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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How was water dissolve things?
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it's polar and it takes apart ionic solids one atom at a time.
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How do you test acids and bases?
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Pheno-turns pink in base
Red Litmus-blue in base Blue Litmus-red in acid |
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What causes acid rain?
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Sulfuric acid and nitric acid in the air
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What causes natural acid rain?
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Carbon dioxide
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Amount of water on Earth
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70%
-97% is salt -3% is fresh --2% is frozen |
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Has the amount of salt in the ocean changed?
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No, it's been the same for millions of years
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Drinking Water Treatment
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Coagulation-settling
Filtration Chlorine to kill bacteria Aeration Fluoride |
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Waste Water Filtration
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Bacteria added
Settling Add nitrogen and chlorine |
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What is the largest usable reservior of fresh water?
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Ground water
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Porosity
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Percentage of pores
Amount of space for ground water |
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Permeability
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Ability to move through something
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Salinity of Ocean Water
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3.5%
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Where does the salt in the oceans come from?
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Weathering rocks and outgassing from volcanic eruptions
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How does salinity vary?
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High evapoation=high salinity
High surface run-off=low salinity |
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thermocline
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Decreases as you get deeper into the ocean
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Pycnocline
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increases as you get deeper into the ocean
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Waves
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energy from wind
transverse circular motion breakers-not circular |
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Currents
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masses of ocean water
coriolis effect brings warm water to the cold coast via the gulf stream |
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Oceans have how much more water in the south?
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20%
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How many ocean basins are there? are they shallow?
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4, they are deep
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Continental Margins
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gentle shelf meets steep slope
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Ocean Basin Floor
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abyssal plain with seamounts and deep ocean trenches
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Oceanic Ridges
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Mid-ocean ridge
center basin, faulting and volcanoes |
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Ocean is layered according to density
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Surface zone
Transition (thermo and pycnocline) Deep zone (80% of all life) *Does not layer in higher altitudes |
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Marine Life Zones
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Intertidal
Neritic (from cont. shelf-shelf break) Oceanic |
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Tides
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Caused by the moons gravity
2 low and 2 high tides per day Spring and neap tides |
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Spring tide
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higher high tides and lower low tides during the new and full moons
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Neap Tide
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Lower high tides and lower low tides during the first and third quarter moons
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Composition of Air
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78% nitrogen
21% Oxygen 4% water |
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Layers of the atmosphere
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Thermosphere-ionosphere
Mesosphere-temp increase w/height Stratosphere-ozone Troposphere-where weather occurs |
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Does density increase or decrease with increasing altitude?
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decreases
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What is the degree of tilt of the Earth?
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23.5
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A steeper angle means...?
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more intense direct rays
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Solstice
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vertical rays at tropic of cancer=summer
capricorn=winter |
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Equinox
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equal day because vertical rays are at the equator
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Ways heat transfers
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Conduction-heat moves through matter
Convection-circles in a substance Radiation-moves in all directions from it's source |
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Greenhouse effect
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heat gets trapped in the atmosphere and is absorbed by carbon dioxide and water
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Humidity
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the amount of water in the air
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Relative humidity
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ratio of the amount of water in the air over the total amount of water it could hold at that given temperature
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What measures relative humidity?
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Psychrometer
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Dew Point
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the temperature at which water condenses
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How do clouds form?
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Condense at the dew point around dust particles
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Types of clouds
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Cirrus-curls of hair
Stratum-layer Cumulus-pile Nimbus-rain Alto-middle |
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Precipitation
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There are many forms
Hail forms in cumulonimbus clouds |
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Density increases/decreases with pressure increase?
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increases
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What measures air pressure?
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Barometer
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High pressure indicates?
Low pressure? |
clear weather, cloudy weather
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Wind is caused by what?
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inequal heating from high pressure to low pressure
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In the northern hemisphere, wind moves to the _____ due to what?
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Right, Coriolis effect
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Sea and Land Breeze
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cooler, dense ocean air travels onshore causing the warm beach air to rise. vice versa at night
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Air masses
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large bodies of air with the same temperature and moisture
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Types of air masses
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Continental
Polar Maritime Tropical |
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Fronts
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separate different air masses
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Types of fronts
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Cold-warm air rises fast
Warm-cirrus clouds Stationary-grey weather Occluded-squeezes warm air |
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draw the hydrological cycle using windward and leeward
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check drawing for:
Evap. Condens. Precip. absorb. infiltration ground water surface runoff transpiration windward leeward |