Earth Science Exam 2

Front 1

Anticline

Back 1

Bending of rock due to heat

Front 2

Syncline

Back 2

Folding of rock

Front 3

Clastic sedimentary rock

Back 3

Rock formed from eroded sediments that are carried by rivers and deposited and liquify into rock.

Front 4

Conglomerate rocks

Back 4

Sedimentary rock that has a mixture of gravel and silt from deposition

Front 5

Delta

Back 5

place where rivers empty into the sea and is usually very flat and made of shale

Front 6

Transgression

Back 6

sea level rises, shoreline moves to higher grounds. The mid-stone layers farther out form over the sandstone beach, and the sand forms over the coal inland swamp.

Front 7

Regression

Back 7

Shoreline moves outward, causing coal swamp to layer over the sand and sand to layer over the mud stone.

Front 8

Biochemical sedimentary rock

Back 8

made of calcite, stems from shells and other fossil

Front 9

Metamorphic rock

Low grade vs high grade

Back 9

rock that changed form due to high pressure and heat.

Front 10

Deformation depends on?

Back 10

Depth and pressure

Front 11

Reverse Fault

Thrust Fault

Back 11

Fault where the top block moves up

Fault with shallow dip

Front 12

Normal Fault

Back 12

Block on top moves down, bottom block moves up

Front 13

Strike slip fault

Back 13

movement is parallel

Front 14

Crustal Root

Back 14

Part of crust that supports mountains. For every 1km mountain you need 5km of root

Front 15

Rifting

Back 15

Continental crust breaks apart and blocks form

Front 16

How did Sicar Point Form?

Back 16

"Young" sandstone is deposited

It was tilted and folded

Erosion happens

"old red" is on top

old red is the younger rock

Front 17

Fossil Succesion

Back 17

When of the same types of fossils are found in different spots, the rocks are the sane age.

Front 18

Radiometric dating

Back 18

uses the numbers of parent and daughter cells and half-lives to determine age of rock.

Front 19

Cavendish Exp.

Back 19

used a swinging pendulum and Newtons Law to find the density of the earth. Found it to be 5.448

Front 20

Transform boundaries

Back 20

Plates slide past each other. Quakes happen at shallow depth

no valcanism

Front 21

Deepest and most destructive quakes happen where?

Back 21

Subduction zones

Front 22

Strike Slip faults

Back 22

shear stress, fence offset

Front 23

Reverse faults

Back 23

compressional stress

Front 24

Liquiifcation

Back 24

Reduction of strength and solidness of sandy areas near coasts due to water and quakes.

Front 25

Seismographs

Back 25

Measure earth quake waves

Work by using a stationary weight and pen attached to a moving spring.

Front 26

Focus

Epicenter

Back 26

The point where quake happens

The surface directly above the focus,

Earth quake energy travel along fault from focus

Front 27

P waves

Back 27

Primary body wave traveling in compressional motion. The bend and refract when they pass through different types of materials in earths outer core.

Front 28

S waves

Back 28

Body waves that are slower than p waves. they change shape while moving (shear waves)

Front 29

Rayleigh waves

Back 29

Vertical surface waves that causes a ocean wave like motion in ground

Front 30

Love waves

Back 30

Move in horizontal snake motion

Front 31

Velocity of p waves in the crust

Back 31

6 km/sec

Front 32

S waves can only travel in ____

Back 32

solid matter. That is how we know the earth is made of different materials inside

Front 33

How to find earth quake peicenter

Back 33

Use three seismometers in different areas. Draw the graph out on a map, and find where they intersect.

Front 34

Shadow Xones

Back 34

Area between 104-140 degrees for p waves, where no P waves can reach here due to refracting of waves in the outer core.

S waves completely stop 104-180

Front 35

P wave characterisitics

Back 35

travel faster in cold zones than hot

they generally increase speed as u go deeper due to curves

11.7 CMB

Front 36

moho

Back 36

the boundary between crust and matle that is separating different players.

Front 37

Athenosphere

Back 37

rocks are close to melting

Front 38

Fault motion towards siesmometer

Back 38

If arriving p waves makes an upward compressional movement

Front 39

P waves in explosions

Back 39

Compressional waves travel to all 4 quadrants.

Front 40

Virginia Earth quake

Back 40

Happened at a reverse fault

5.8

felt far away

Front 41

Crustal shortenting

Back 41

present with anticline and syncline,

Front 42

What rock is present in the east african rift system?

Back 42

basalt

Front 43

What is the elevation of the congo and why so?

Back 43

300m and it unsure why it is so high up. But apparently there is a dense object in the matle that is aiding convection and create the congo basin.

Front 44

How de we know the congo basin used to be below sea level?

Back 44

It has 1 km deep continental sediments, and 8 km deep or marine sediments.

Front 45

India Asia Collision

Back 45

there is abnormal faulting. There is a reverse fault from compressional forces but also normal and strikeslip

Front 46

What rock do you find in colorodoe?

Back 46

Igneous rock