Earth Science 2

Front 1

Climate

Back 1

average weather pattern in an area over a long period of time; can be classified by temperature, humudity,precipitation, and vegitation,

Front 2

tropics

Back 2

climate zone that recieves the most solar radiation, is located between latitudes 23 degrees north and 23 degrees south, always hot, except at high elevation.

Front 3

polar zone

Back 3

climate zones that receive solar radiation at a low angle, extend from 66 degrees north and 66 degrees south latitude to the poles and they are never warm

Front 4

temperature zone

Back 4

climate zones with moderate temperature that erlocated between the tropics and the polar zones

Front 5

adaption

Back 5

any strucural or behavioral change that helps an organism survive in its particular enviroment

Front 6

hibernation

Back 6

behavioral adaptation for winter survival in which animals acticity is greatly reduced, its body temerature drops,and body proces lows down.

Front 7

season

Back 7

short period of climate change in an area caused by the tilt of Earth's axis as Earth revolves around the sun

Front 8

El nino

Back 8

climatic event that begins in the tropical pacific ocean;may occure when trade winds weaken or reverse, and can disrupt normal temperature and precipitation patterns around the earth.

Front 9

greenhouse effect

Back 9

natural heating that occures when certain gases in earths atomosphere such as methane, CO2, and water vapor, trap heat.

Front 10

global warming

Back 10

increase in the average globoal temperature of earth

Front 11

deforestation

Back 11

destruction and cutting down of forrest- often cleared out for mining,roads,and grazing of cattle, resulting in increased atmospheric CO2 levels

Front 12

what factors affect climate

Back 12

large bodies of water,ocean currents, mountains, rain shadows, and cities

Front 13

large body of water

Back 13

costal areas are warmer in winter and cooler in summer

Front 14

ocean currents

Back 14

current originating from equator is warmer, current that originates in polar area is cooler

Front 15

mountains

Back 15

because mountains are at higher eleveation the solar energy that reflects back to atmosphere hass less atmoshpere to absorb the solar energy making it cooler, also acts as a barrier of wind.

Front 16

windward side

Back 16

mountain facing the wind= air rises, and cools so it cannot hold as much water -drops moisture as precipitation

Front 17

leeward side

Back 17

air descends, and heats up -hold more water -land dries out.

Front 18

cities

Back 18

affect climate -radiation strikes vegitation=much of the energy to be used for evaporating the moisture -radiation that strikes cities is abosrbed by streets,buildings, and parking lots

Front 19

what does car exhuast and other pollutants do?

Back 19

trap heat -this trapping of heat in cities is a "heat island" affect.

Front 20

group climates

Back 20

tropcial, mild, dry, continental, polar, and high elevation

Front 21

arid and semiarid are two groups of what?

Back 21

DRY climate

Front 22

organisms have two kinds of _________

Back 22

adaptation (evolutionary) or specialization ( creationary)

Front 23

what are the two types of adaptation

Back 23

structural and behavioral

Front 24

structural adaptation

Back 24

structural features of an organisms that help them survive in a particular climate

Front 25

behavioral adaptation

Back 25

behavioral patterns of organisms that allow them to live in particular climate

Front 26

estivation

Back 26

when frogs and lungfish dig into mud at the bottom of a pond when water begins to evaporate too much

Front 27

what does car exhuast and other pollutants do?

Back 27

trap heat -this trapping of heat in cities is a "heat island" affect.

Front 28

group climates

Back 28

tropcial, mild, dry, continental, polar, and high elevation

Front 29

arid and semiarid are two groups of what?

Back 29

DRY climate

Front 30

organisms have two kinds of _________

Back 30

adaptation (evolutionary) or specialization ( creationary)

Front 31

what are the two types of adaptation

Back 31

structural and behavioral

Front 32

structural adaptation

Back 32

structural features of an organisms that help them survive in a particular climate

Front 33

behavioral adaptation

Back 33

behavioral patterns of organisms that allow them to live in particular climate

Front 34

estivation

Back 34

when frogs and lungfish dig into mud at the bottom of a pond when water begins to evaporate too much

Front 35

interglacial intervals

Back 35

warm periods between ice ages

Front 36

ice age

Back 36

period of extensive glaciers

Front 37

one explaination for climatic change

Back 37

catastrophic event such as volcano eruption or meteorite impact

Front 38

climatologist

Back 38

a person who studies climate

Front 39

seasonal changes

Back 39

earth revolves around sun tilted= different areas receive different amount of solar radiation.

Front 40

la nina

Back 40

year after el Nino -winds blowing across pacific are stronger

Front 41

how can particles enter the atmosphere?

Back 41

volcanos, dust from wind erosion, and particles from natural fires

Front 42

what else can affect climate?

Back 42

amount of cloud coverage, earth movements, and crustal plate movement.

Front 43

what are some importatn greeenhouse gases?

Back 43

water vapor, methane, carbon dioxide

Front 44

how much has the average temperature increased during this century?

Back 44

0.6 degrees C

Front 45

what are some possible causes for global warming

Back 45

burning of natural gases,petroleum,and coal to get energy -amount of energy emmited by the sun changes

Front 46

why do we have global warming

Back 46

because of the amount of energy emmited by the sun changes

Front 47

what would happen to plants and animals if the enviroment warms up too much?

Back 47

they die

Front 48

basin

Back 48

low area on earth in which an ocean formed when the area filled with water from torrential rains.

Front 49

salinity

Back 49

a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in seawater

Front 50

surface current

Back 50

wind powered ocean current that moves water horizontally, parallel to earth's surface, and moves only the upper few hundred meters of seawater

Front 51

coriolis effect

Back 51

moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to earth's rotation

Front 52

upwelling

Back 52

vertical circumlation in the ocean that brings deep, cold water to the ocean surface

Front 53

density current

Back 53

circulation pattern in the ocean that forms when a mass of more dense seawater sinks beneath less dense seawater

Front 54

wave

Back 54

rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space

Front 55

crest

Back 55

highest point of a wave

Front 56

trough

Back 56

lowest point of a wave

Front 57

breaker

Back 57

collapsing ocean wave that forms in shallow water and breaks onto the shore

Front 58

tide

Back 58

dailey rise and fall in sea level caused for the most part, by the interaction of gravity in the earth moon system

Front 59

tidal range

Back 59

the difference between the level of the ocean at high tide and the level at low tide

Front 60

basin

Back 60

low area on earth in which an ocean formed when the area filled with water from torrential rains.

Front 61

salinity

Back 61

a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in seawater

Front 62

surface current

Back 62

wind powered ocean current that moves water horizontally, parallel to earth's surface, and moves only the upper few hundred meters of seawater

Front 63

coriolis effect

Back 63

moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to earth's rotation

Front 64

upwelling

Back 64

vertical circumlation in the ocean that brings deep, cold water to the ocean surface

Front 65

density current

Back 65

circulation pattern in the ocean that forms when a mass of more dense seawater sinks beneath less dense seawater

Front 66

wave

Back 66

rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space

Front 67

crest

Back 67

highest point of a wave

Front 68

trough

Back 68

lowest point of a wave

Front 69

breaker

Back 69

collapsing ocean wave that forms in shallow water and breaks onto the shore

Front 70

tide

Back 70

dailey rise and fall in sea level caused for the most part, by the interaction of gravity in the earth moon system

Front 71

tidal range

Back 71

the difference between the level of the ocean at high tide and the level at low tide

Front 72

basin

Back 72

low area on earth in which an ocean formed when the area filled with water from torrential rains.

Front 73

salinity

Back 73

a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in seawater

Front 74

surface current

Back 74

wind powered ocean current that moves water horizontally, parallel to earth's surface, and moves only the upper few hundred meters of seawater

Front 75

coriolis effect

Back 75

moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to earth's rotation

Front 76

upwelling

Back 76

vertical circumlation in the ocean that brings deep, cold water to the ocean surface

Front 77

density current

Back 77

circulation pattern in the ocean that forms when a mass of more dense seawater sinks beneath less dense seawater

Front 78

wave

Back 78

rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space

Front 79

crest

Back 79

highest point of a wave

Front 80

trough

Back 80

lowest point of a wave

Front 81

breaker

Back 81

collapsing ocean wave that forms in shallow water and breaks onto the shore

Front 82

tide

Back 82

dailey rise and fall in sea level caused for the most part, by the interaction of gravity in the earth moon system

Front 83

tidal range

Back 83

the difference between the level of the ocean at high tide and the level at low tide