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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which of the following is an example of a feedback effect?
a) Global warming that causes more rapid melting of Arctic seas ice that results in further sea ice melting b) When a feature looks the same across a wide range of scales c) An earthquake that occurs in a developing nation that causes health, social, and economic problems d) An increase in the cost of gasoline that causes people to drive less e) A landslide caused by a sudden precipitation event |
a) Global warming that causes more rapid melting of Arctic seas ice that results in further sea ice melting
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Who is most commonly to blame when people incur significant loss from a natural disaster?
a) The provincial government for not building protective structures b) The people themselves for choosing to live there c) The local municipality for permitting them to build there d) The federal government for not doing something about it e) The realtor for selling them the property |
b) The people themselves for choosing to live there
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Catastrophic natural disaster losses in developed countries involve which of the following?
a) Large numbers of deaths and large financial costs b) Primarily losses borne by insurance companies c) Large financial costs to individuals and companies d) Primarily losses borne by state governments e) Large number of deaths |
c) Large financial costs to individuals and companies
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Branching of streams display similar features regardless of scale, Such features are called:
a) Similar b) Equivalent c) Fractal d) Unimodal |
c) Fractal
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When people or government agencies try to control the activities of natural events, the common result is which of the following?
a) Our problem with nature is transferred elsewhere, to someone else, or postponed b) the effect is the opposite of that intended c) This doesn't happen since the federal government doesn't permit tampering with nature d) The effort is wasted because it is impossible to do so e) We have become quite effective at such control |
a) Our problem with nature is transferred elsewhere, to someone else, or postponed
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Which statement about natural event prediction is incorrect?
a) We understand in a general way what causes natural events b) One natural event can trigger another c) It is important to predict most natural events d) Most natural events occur at regular, predictable intervals |
d) Most natural events occur at regular, predictable intervals
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Which statement about natural disaster recurrence is true?
a) Event frequency is independent of magnitude b) Small magnitude events occur more frequently than large magnitude events c) Small magnitude events occur less frequently than large magnitude events d) Small magnitude events occur as frequently as large magnitude events |
b) Small magnitude events occur more frequently than large magnitude events
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Engineers try to minimize structure shaking during an earthquake by using:
a) Steel frame members b) Diagonal cross braces in walls c) Foundation anchor bolts d) Base isolation pads |
d) Base isolation pads
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Which Canadian province has the lowest seismic activity?
a) British Columbia b) Manitoba c) Quebec d) Nunavut |
b) Manitoba
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Which of the following would be the safest place to be in an earthquake?
a) In a frame (wood) house b) In a brick building c) In a building with concrete walls d) In a building with stone walls well cemented together e) In bed |
a) In a frame (wood) house
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Development of earthquake early warning systems could provide _____ reliable advance warning.
a) 25 seconds of b) 1 hour of c) No d) 1 day of e) 1 minute of |
a) 25 seconds of
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Where in the United States and Canada are strong earthquakes most frequent?
a) Just off the coast of Oregon, Washington and southwestern Canada b) Along the western fringe of California (onshore) c) In northern Michigan d) Along the southern half of the east coast of the US e) In the Rocky Mountains |
b) Along the western fringe of California (onshore)
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What is ineffective in reducing the possibility of an earthquake's damage to a building?
a) Using diagonal bracing in walls b) Using base isolation pads between buildings and its foundations c) Anchoring the building to its foundations d) Adding sheets of plywood to the walls e) Loading the ground floor with heavy weights to prevent it from moving so much |
b) Using base isolation pads between buildings and its foundations
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Taller buildings sway ____ than neighbouring shorter buildings.
a) Slower b) At the same rate c) Faster |
a) Slower
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The 6.7 magnitude Northridge earthquake in 1994 caused a small number of deaths (61) because:
a) Thrust fault earthquakes do not shake the ground violently b) It occurred in the middle of the day when people were in businesses c) It occurred early in the morning when most people were at home d) Very few buildings were damaged |
c) It occurred early in the morning when most people were at home
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On average, large magnitude natural events occur:
a) Every few years to a decade b) Several times a year c) Every thousand to million years d) Every few decades to few hundred years |
d) Every few decades to few hundred years
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Natural disasters are most likely to occur in:
a) Developed countries with technologically advanced structures and early warning systems b) Both underdeveloped and developed countries are impacted by natural disasters c) Densely populated, underdeveloped countries with poorly planned and constructed infrastructure d) Unpopulated areas of the earth |
b) Both underdeveloped and developed countries are impacted by natural disasters
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A natural disaster or catastrophe is:
a) A natural event that causes severe loss of life and property b) An unpredictable natural event c) A natural event of large magnitude and short duration d) All of the above |
d) All of the above
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Natural disasters generally involve which of the following?
a) Events that always involve interaction between closely related processes b) Events wholly caused by the activities of man c) Events that involve overlapping natural causes d) Events with a single clear-cut cause e) Events that are unaffected by the activities of man |
c) Events that involve overlapping natural causes
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What is the most common human reaction to a current or potential catastrophe?
a) Try to stop ongoing damage b) Wait until the window of opportunity has passed c) Lobby for additional funding for Public Safety of Canada d) Prepare the public through drills |
a) Try to stop ongoing damage
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Areas of cities that are subjected to significant natural hazards should be used for which of the following?
a) Office buildings because they can withstand the effects of the hazard b) Factories and industrial complexes c) Shopping malls d) Inexpensive single-family houses e) Parks and natural areas |
e) Parks and natural areas
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Considering the last few decades, which statement is false?
a) On average there has been an increase in the occurrence of earthquakes or volcanic eruptions b) On average there has been no increase in the occurrence of earthquakes or volcanic eruptions c) In developed countries there has been an increase in dollar losses per year from natural disasters d) In underdeveloped countries there has been an increase in the number of fatalities from natural disasters |
a) On average there has been an increase in the occurrence of earthquakes or volcanic eruptions
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A seismic gap is:
a) An areas along a fault that has not experience recent earthquakes b) An opening on the ground surface created by an earthquake c) Vertical offset of the ground surface created by an earthquake d) Both (b) and (c) |
a) An areas along a fault that has not experience recent earthquakes
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Earthquakes of magnitude 6 to 7 occur along the San Andreas Fault every:
a) 30 to 60 years b) 15 to 30 years c) 10 to 15 years d) Earthquakes do not occur at regular predictable time intervals |
d) Earthquakes do not occur at regular predictable time intervals
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Which of the following statements about the 1994 Northridge earthquake in the Los Angeles area is NOT true?
a) Highway interchanges that collapsed in 1971 withstood the shaking b) The earthquake severed gas lines and caused fires c) Its Richter Magnitude of 6.7 is considered moderate d) It was a blind thrust fault tens of miles from the San Andrea Fault e) Unbraced ground-floor garages of apartment buildings collapsed |
a) Highway interchanges that collapsed in 1971 withstood the shaking
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Over the last 60 years, earthquakes along the North Anatolian Fault in Turkey:
a) Have occurred at random locations along the entire length of the fault b) Have been migrating eastward c) Have been migrating westward |
c) Have been migrating westward
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Largest ground motion is generate by:
a) Deep earthquakes b) Both shallow and deep earthquakes generate equally large ground motions c) Shallow earthquakes |
c) Shallow earthquakes
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Which of the following is NOT true of many old brick or stone buildings in an earthquake?
a) Bricks falling from buildings often crush cars and can injure or kill passengers b) Stone walls are no better than brick walls in an earthquake c) Flexing of the walls can permit the floor beams to pull out and the floors to fall d) Because of its mortar brick, walls can flex enough to withstand moth earthquakes |
d) Because of its mortar brick, walls can flex enough to withstand moth earthquakes
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The double-deck freeway at the east edge of San Francisco Bay collapsed in the collapsed in the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Why?
a) It lacked steel reinforcing bars b) Water from the San Francisco Bay rotted the foundation material, weakening c) It was too tall for its height d) It was built across soft mud e) Strong shaking lasted for more than the 30 minutes it was designed for |
d) It was built across soft mud
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Which is a major fault that often shows a progressive migration along its length with time
a) The New Madrid Fault in Missouri b) The North Anatolian Fault in Turkey c) The Alpine Fault in New Zealand d) The San Andreas Fault in California e) The Haicheng Fault in China |
b) The North Anatolian Fault in Turkey
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