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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brahmanda (cosmic egg) |
•Oscillating universe •Cosmic egg (brahmanda) expands out of a single concentrated point & will eventually collapse |
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Bindu |
Single concentrated point in which a brahmanda expands |
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Anaxagorean universe |
•By anaxagoras •Describes universe as a mixture of ingredients unevenly distributed •Whirling motion initiated by the mind separated the ingredients |
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Atomist universe |
•By leucippus & democritus •Universe was composed of very small, indivisible & indestructable atoms |
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Geocentric universe |
•By Aristotle & ptolemy •Earth is in center & everything revolves around it |
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Heliocentric universe |
•By nicolaus copernicus •Motion of celestial objects can be explained bisag wa sa center ang earth |
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Static universe |
•Isaac newton •Does not expand nor contract |
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Steady-state universe |
•Infinite universe that is expanding at a steady rate •Density of universe is maintained due to new matter formation |
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Oscillating universe |
•Alexander friedmann •Big bang to big crunch •Universe expands for a time & contracts due to gravity |
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Multiverse |
•Andrei Linde •As universe expands, bubbles grew & formed into separate universes |
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Bing bang theory |
•By Edouard lemaitre •Prevailing cosmological model •13.7 billion yrs ago, a tiny hot & dense singularity expanded |
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Planck Grand unification Electroweak Elementary particle Era of nucleosynthesis Era of nuclei Era of atoms Era of galaxies |
Evolution of universe acc to big bang theory |
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•Gravity •Electromagnetic •Strong nuclear •Weak nuclear |
4 fundamental forces |
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Planck era |
4 fundamental forces were combined into 1 unified force |
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Grand unification era |
•Started when gravity separated from the other forces •Ended when strong nuclear forces separated, leaving only the electroweak forces behind |
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Electroweak Era |
•Energy released by separation of strong from electroweak triggered a sudden rapid expansion •singularity underwent rapid inflation |
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Elementary particle era |
•Matter & antimatter were formed, but they annihilated each other •Pero baay sobra na matter mao tong primary ingrediet ang matter sa universe |
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Era of nucleosynthesis |
•Universe started to cool down as it continued expanding •Protons & neutrons are formed |
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Era of nuclei |
•Nucleosynthesis left 74% H, 24% He & trace amounts of other elements •cooling continued allowing fusion to continue as well |
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Recombination |
•Process of electrons binding to ionized protons & nuclei to form neutral atoms •Also known Era of Atoms |
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Era of Galaxies |
Era in which Gravity made H & He coalesce to form giant clouds that will become galaxies & stellar nebulae |
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Redshift Comsmic microwave background Relative abundance of light elements |
Evidences supporting big bang |
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Redshift |
•Edwin hubble •Light from other galaxies appeared stretched suggesting that the universe was expanding in all directions |
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Cosmic microwave background |
•Arno penzias & robert wilson •Remains of thermal energy from big bang •Spread thinly across universe |
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Relative abundance of light elements |
•24% of He, 74% of H, 2% of trace elements •Hydrogen isotopes & helium atoms were left behind when nucleosynthesis stopped 3mins after big bang |
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Nucleosynthesis reactions Stellar formation & evolution Stellar explosion |
Cosmic phases in formation of elements |
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Big bang nucleosynthesis reactions |
Hydrogen, helium, lithium are elements produced in this cosmic stage |
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Stellar formation & evolution |
Cosmic stage that produces elements heavierthan lithium |
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Stellar explosion |
Cosmic stage that produces elements heavier than iron |
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Encounter hypo |
•Rogue star passed close to sun & stripped hot gasses from both sun & star •Hot gases spin w sun & contracted into smaller lumps to form planet |
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Nebular hypo |
•Solar system starts as large cloud of gas & contracted •Results in a rotating disk •planets form at the disk |
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Protosun |
Large concentration at the center of the rotating disk in nebular hypo |
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Protoplanet hypo |
•Present working model of formation of solar system •Built upon main concepts of nebular hypo |
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•Bc hot gasses do not contract, they expand •Rogue stars never wander too close to another star |
Why is encounter hypo not accepted? |
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•No explanation as to why the gas cloud contracted •No explanation why the rings form into planets |
Why is nebular hypo not accepted? |
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Bc near sya sa sun nya ang mga gas na dali ma evaporate kay mawala tungod sa heat sa sun nya ang mabilin kay ang mga metals |
Why is the inner region of solar system denser & made of metals? |
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Small sya kay gamay raman ang metals in comparison to the gasses |
Why are rocky plants small? |
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1. Giant gas & dust cloud is disturbed by some force then starts collapsing 2. Kay ni collapse, mo spin sya 3. Mo init ang cloud, mo spin faster sya 4. Tungod sa ka fast, mo flatten into a disk nya most of its mass kay naa sa center 5. Gasses away from center cool down & stick together 6. Metals w high boiling points can form close to the sun 7. Katong mga compounds away from sun kay mo form ug gas giants 8. Leftover debri mahimong kuiper belt, oort cloud & asteroid belt 9. Nuclear fusion causes sun to become main sequence star 10. Solar winds sweep remaing dust & gas away from protoplanetary disk |
Formation of solar system acc to nebular hypo |
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H He C Ne O Si Fe |
Layers of star smth |
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Weak nuclear forces |
Fundamental force that allows nuclei of atoms to break apart thru radioactive decay |
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Nucleosynthesis |
Fusion of protons & neutrons to form diff types of nuclei |
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Strong nuclear forces |
Fundamental force that binds neutrons & protons |
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Electromagnetic forces |
Fundamental force that binds atoms to molecules |
