Earth And Space Chapter 5 And 6

Front 1

The modern scientific theory which describes the movement of Earth's outer layer

Back 1

Plate Tectonics

Front 2

lithosphere

Back 2

the uppermost mantle along with the overlying curst, behave as a strong, rigid layer

Front 3

Lithospheric plates or plates

Back 3

moves as a unit over the material of the asthenosphere

Front 4

divergent plate boundaries

Back 4

two plates move apart

Front 5

convergent plate boundaries (Subduction zone)

Back 5

two plates move towards one another

Front 6

transform fault boundaries

Back 6

two plates grind past each other

Front 7

straitions

Back 7

scratches or groves created by glacial debris as it moves.

Front 8

magma

Back 8

a body of molten rock found at depth include any dissolve gases and crystals

Front 9

seafloor spreading

Back 9

new oceanic crust is produced at the crests of mid-ocean ridges

Front 10

continental rifting

Back 10

the landmass may split into two or more smaller continents

Front 11

rift valley

Back 11

the crust fractures to form a long trough

Front 12

melt

Back 12

the liquid portion of magma excluding the solid crystals

Front 13

basaltic

Back 13

fine-grained igneous rock of mafic composition

Front 14

earthquake

Back 14

the vibration of earth, produced by the rapid release of energy

Front 15

focus

Back 15

energy radiates in all direction from its source

Front 16

faults

Back 16

a break in rock mass along which movement has occured

Front 17

elastic rebound

Back 17

the sudden release of stored strain in rocks that result in movement along the fault

Front 18

seismology

Back 18

the study of earthquake waves

Front 19

Seismographs

Back 19

instruments that record seismic waves

Front 20

surface waves

Back 20

waves traveling along the outer part of earth

Front 21

body waves

Back 21

waves travel through the earths interior

Front 22

primary Waves

Back 22

alternating compression and expansion of material through which it passes. Push and Pull

Front 23

secondary waves

Back 23

oscillation perpendicular to the direction of propagation shake

Front 24

epicenter

Back 24

the point on earth's surface directly above the focus

Front 25

deep-focus earthquakes

Back 25

focus greater than 300 kilometers

Front 26

inner core

Back 26

a solid, iron-rich, sphere having a diameter of 2432 kilometers

Front 27

outer core

Back 27

a fluid metallic layer some 2270 kilometers thick

Front 28

mantle

Back 28

a solid, rocky layer having a thickness of about 2885 kilometers

Front 29

crust

Back 29

a very thin outer skin that ranges from about 7 to more than 70 kolometers thick