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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The word philosophy comes from two Greek words meaning
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a. Knowledge and truth
b. Wise and sage c. Look and see, d. Love and wisdom e. Student and teacher |
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Philosophy begins with
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a. Dogmatic assurance
b. Insecurity c. wonder d. religious belief e. boredom |
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Philosophy’s goal is _____
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a. confusion
b. monetary wealth c. attention d. control over others e. autonomy |
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Philosophy seeks to understand
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a. What is meant to be human being
b. The fundamental nature of god and reality c. The sources and limits of knowledge d. What is good and right in our lives and in our societies e. All of the above |
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The freedom of being able to decide for yourself what you will believe in by using your own reason is
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a. religion
b. philosophy c. autonomy d. acculturation e. None of the above |
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Plato's myth of the Cave demonstrates that (human existence)
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a. Philosophy is difficult
b. Philosophy is an activity c. Philosophy deals with basic issues of human existence d. The aim of philosophy is freedom e. All of the above |
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Plato's cave; reality consists of nothing but
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a. Mathematical propositions
b. Theatrical performances c. Shadows d. Religious beliefs e. Clear and distinct ideas |
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Plato's Myth of the Cave is part of
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a. The republic
b. Euthyphro c. The apology d. Crito e. Mean’s search for meaning |
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Stereotypes of outsiders and self-censorship are symptoms of what psychologist Irving James calls (grou...)
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a. Groupthink
b. Totalitarianism c. Objectivism d. Collectivism e. Holistic outlook |
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Most the daily decisions we make involve this type of thinking (non...)
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a. Half
b. Rational c. Irrational d. Non-rational e. None of the above |
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The three traditional fields of philosophy are
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a. Metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics
b. Religion, ethics, and logic c. Metaphysics, logic, and ethics d. Ethics, metaphysics and religion |
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Epistemology is the study of ____
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a. The origins of morality
b. Knowledge, truth and related topics c. The nature and structure of reality d. Foundations of human behaviour e. All of the above |
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Metaphysics is concerned with _____
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a. The place of humans within the universe
b. The nature of mind, self and consciousness c. The purpose and nature of reality d. Existence of god e. All of the above |
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Epistemology is concerned with ____
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a. Structure, reliability, extent and kinds of knowledge
b. The meaning of truth c. Logic and variety of linguistics concerns d. The possibility and foundations of all knowledge e. All of the above |
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Metaphysics is the study of ______
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a. The origin of language
b. The meaning of truth c. The nature and structure of reality d. Knowledge and related concepts e. Logic and variety of strictly linguistics concerns |
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Ethics is concerned with _____
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a. The purpose and nature of reality
b. The destiny of the universe c. Immortality of the soul d. Nature of moral obligation e. Variety of strictly linguistic concerns |
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Ethics is the study of ___
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a. Knowledge and related concepts
b. The origins of language c. Values and moral principles d. The nature and structure of reality e. All of the above |
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Although, not the first philosopher, ____ is sometimes called the father of philosophy.
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a. Thales
b. Heraclitus c. Parmenides d. Socrates e. Plato |
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_____ shows Socrates questioning traditional religious beliefs and the nature of religious duty
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a. The republic
b. Euthyphro c. Crito d. The apology e. Theatetus |
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____ is a dialogue written by plato
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a. The republic
b. Euthyphro c. Crito d. All of the above e. None of the above |
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_____ is dialogue written by Socrates
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a. The republic
b. Euthyphro c. Crito d. All of the above e. None of the above |
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____ shows Socrates at his trial, defending his life-long commitment to philosophy and interpreting the Delphic oracle regarding the nature of wisdom
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a. The republic
b. Euthyphro c. Crito d. The apology e. Theaetetus |
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____ shows Socrates awaiting his execution, refusing escape and arguing that people are obliged to obey the laws of society in which they live in.
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a. The republic
b. Euthyphro c. Crito d. The apology e. Theaetetus |
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Socrates asks Euthyphro to ____
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a. Provide examples of holiness
b. Identify the characteristics that makes all holy things holy c. Drop the charges against his father d. Provide refuge for Socrates against his own accusers e. Testify at his trial |
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25. In the dialogue of the same name, Euthyphro defines holiness as
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a. Prosecuting anyone who is guilty of murder or sacrilege
b. Doing what is loved by gods c. That part of justice that involves service to the gods d. All of the above e. None of the above |
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26. In the dialogue the same name Euthyphro is represented as charging his father with
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a. Impiety
b. Corrupting the youth c. Drunkenness d. Murder e. Sexual misconduct |
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In the apology, Socrates argues that ____
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a. The unexamined life is not worth living
b. Wealth does not cause, but comes from inner goodness c. A good man shouldn’t calculate life or death chances but ask only whether he is doing right or wrong d. All of the above e. None of the above |
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In Crito, Socrates argues that we should obey the laws of society because ____
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a. Laws are established by god, it is unholy to disobey
b. We have no other choice c. We enter in a contract to obey the laws by living in society d. All of the above e. None of the above |
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_____ was Socrates disciple
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a. Plato
b. Aristotle c. Parmenides d. A &B only |
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The instrument of Socrates execution was
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a. A hangman’s nose
b. Poisoned arrows c. Hemlock d. Protracted philosophical discussion e. None of the above |
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Plato claimed that true reality was made up of
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a. Forms
b. Causes c. Perceptions d. Atoms e. Wittmanness |
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____ is usually considered the first Western Philosophy
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a. Socrates
b. Plato c. Thales d. Heraclitus e. Parmenides |
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____ believed everything is composed of water
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a. Socrates
b. Plato c. Thales d. Heraclitus e. Parmenides |
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___ is known for his argument that seeks to prove that one cannot move from one point to another
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a. Socrates
b. Hesiod c. Zeno d. Heraclitus e. Parmenides |
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The thesis that all water is significant because it ____
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a. Explains complex reality in terms of basic elements
b. Initiated a preference for natural vs. supernatural explanations c. Rejected the authority of the past, especial religious myth d. All of the above e. None of the above |
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___ proposed that change is the fundamental reality
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a. Socrates
b. Plato c. Thales d. Heraclitus e. Parmenides |
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___ argued that change is an illusion
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a. Socrates
b. Plato c. Thales d. Heraclitus e. Parmenides |
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____ is known for his argument that nothingness cannot be real
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a. Socrates
b. Plato c. Thales d. Heraclitus e. Parmenides |
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Aristotle believed there were ___ different kinds of causes
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a. 1
b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 f. 6 |
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For Aristotle, knowledge of reality depends on ____
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a. Knowledge of magic
b. Experiences in a past life c. Observations in this life d. Drugs e. A&B only |
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___ states that all knowledge is based on perception
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a. Rationalism,
b. empiricism, c. transcendental materialism, d. transcendental magic, e. pseudoscience |
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The empiricists were _____
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a. Locke, Berkeley, and Kant
b. Hume Kant Berkeley c. Descartes Locke and Hume d. Hume Locke and Berkeley e. Kant Descartes and Hume |
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Empirical knowledge is based on experience is ____
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a. A priori
b. A posteriori c. Prima facie d. Analytic e. A and d only |
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According to John Locke, the mind is like ____
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a. A computer
b. A filing cabinet c. A blank slate d. A cluttered desk e. A flower |
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To explain the regularity in experience, Berkeley states _____
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a. Psychological principles
b. Material substrate c. A divine mind (GOD) d. Fundamental causal laws e. None of the above |
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To explain his views, Berkeley creates a dialogue between _____
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a. Aristotle and Copernicus
b. Hylas and Philonous c. Pylas and hypatia d. Eros and thanatos e. Philein and Sophia |
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According to Hume _____
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a. We cannot think of anything we have not experienced
b. There is no rational basis for believing in the existence of an external world c. There is no rational basis for believing in the existence of god d. All of the above e. B and c only |
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_____ states that only I exist and everything else is a creation of my subjective consciousness
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a. Egoism
b. Idealism c. Subjectivism d. Transcendental idealism e. Solipsism |
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For Descartes, all knowledge depends on _____
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a. Knowledge of mathematical forms
b. Clear and distinct ideas c. Knowledge of God d. All of the above e. B and c only |
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The view that there are innate ideas ____
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a. Is the view that from birth ideas are present in the mind in some form
b. Was rejected by Descartes c. Was accepted by john Locke d. Is disproved by Socrates in his discussion with the slave Meno e. Is changed by Leibniz |
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The egocentric predicament is associated with ____
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a. Rene Descartes
b. John Locke c. David Hume d. R.B. Perry e. Immanuel Kant |
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“Gestalt” means _____
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a. Reason
b. Form c. Knowledge d. Psychology e. Holistic |
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____ wrote “ a man is but what he knows.”
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a. Francis bacon
b. John Locke c. David Hume d. George Berkeley e. Immanuel Kant |
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Locke “ the great source of most of the ideas, depended upon sense is _____”
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a. Experience
b. Primary qualities c. Secondary qualities d. Sensation e. Knowledge |
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The phrase esse est percipi is associated with
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a. Rene Descartes
b. John Locke c. George Berkeley d. David Hume e. Immanuel Kant |
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Locke stated, a pencil, perceived or not has certain qualities called _____
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a. Primary
b. Secondary c. Divine d. Inherent e. Material |
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Friedrich Kekule discovered the molecular structure of benzene _____
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a. While walking along a sea shore maralde ljadane
b. While lowering himself into the bath c. While dozing in front of the fire d. By building a model with tinker toys e. By using a computer |
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Knowledge known independently of sense experience is ___
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a. A priori
b. A posteriori c. Ad hoc d. Post hoc e. Prima facie |
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_____ and ___ were rationalists
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a. Aristotle, David Hume
b. Shankara, George Berkeley c. Rene Descartes, john Locke d. Plato, Rene Descartes e. Plato and David Hume |
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According to Kant, the world we experience ____
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a. Is unknowable
b. Is called the noumenal world c. Is distinct from, but resembles the noumenon d. Is constructed by the mind according to its own ideas and categories e. Was created by God |
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_____ is said to have damage a Copernican revolution in knowledge
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a. John Locke
b. George Berkeley c. David Hume d. Immanuel Kant e. Rene Descartes |
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____ developed the concept of a scientific paradigm
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a. Karl popper
b. Thomas Kuhn c. John Stuart mill d. Paul Feyerabend e. Carl Hempel |
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Descartes applied his method of doubt to ____
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a. Sensation
b. His own existence c. The goodness of god d. Mathematical operations e. Everything |
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____ states that reason, is capable of arriving at some undeniable truth
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a. Rationalism
b. Empiricism c. Transcendental materialism d. Transcendental idealism e. Pseudoscience |
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According to Hume, ____ is “the great guide of human life”
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a. Reason
b. Logic c. Scientific method d. Custom e. Religion |
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According to empiricism, our experiences of primary qualities are ___ of the primary qualities
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a. Products
b. Ideas c. Copies d. Cousins e. Songs |
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According to ___ causality is nothing more than the habitual expectation
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a. Transcendent
b. Hume c. Kant d. Plato e. Tarzan |
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Descartes meditations on a piece of wax demonstrated that ____
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a. Knowledge is impossible
b. Knowledge of the external world is impossible c. Knowledge is grasped by the senses d. Knowledge is grasped by the mind e. He alone exists |
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According to john Locke, ____ is founded in experience
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a. All knowledge
b. All knowledge except mathematical knowledge c. All knowledge except knowledge of god d. Only a little knowledge e. No knowledge |
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Locke’s primary qualities include ____
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a. Size, shape and color
b. Weight, shape and size c. Colour texture and smell d. Smell shape and weight e. Texture shape and weight |
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Hume analyzes caution in term of ____
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a. Inductive certainty
b. Necessary connection c. Constant conjunction d. Logical conjunction e. Metaphysical connection |
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According to Hume causality or causal connection is not derived from any
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a. Aliens
b. Drugs c. Scientific method d. Sense perception e. Religion |
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____ wrote An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
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a. Rene Descartes
b. John Locke c. David Hume d. George Berkeley e. Immanuel kant |
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Locke’s secondary qualities include ____
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a. Size shape and colour
b. Weight shape and size c. Colour texture and smell d. Smell shape and color e. Texture shape and smell |
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Critical realism refers to the immediate contents of sense experience as ____
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a. Primary qualities
b. Secondary qualities c. Sense data d. Critical sensation e. Noumena |
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According to John Locke, the senses can ___
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a. Certify the existence of an external reality
b. Provide an accurate picture of external reality c. Not be trusted unless we first establish the existence of God d. All of the above e. None of the above |
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___ pushed ___’ s empiricism to a thorough skepticism
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a. Locke, Descartes
b. Hume , Locke c. Kant and Hume d. Descartes , Hume e. Berkeley, Locke |
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According to Hume, the mind contains ____
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a. Nothing but ideas
b. Nothing but impressions c. Ideas, impressions and nothing else d. Many different kinds of things, including ideas and impressions e. Nothing |
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Hume distinguishes ideas from impressions on the basis of their ____
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a. Origins
b. Clarity and distinctness c. Force and vivacity d. Truth value e. A and b only |
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According to Hume, the pain you feel when you hit your thumb is ___
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a. An idea
b. An illusion c. An impression d. An example of priori knowledge e. An example of analytic knowledge |
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Esse est percipi means ____
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a. “ I think therefore I am”
b. “know thyself” c. “Geometry is essential” d. “To be is to be perceived” e. “Gods essence is perfection” |
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For Kant, the noumenal world is the world ____
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a. Sensations
b. Ideas formed on the basis of sensations c. Things as they are in themselves d. A priori idea e. Things as they appear to us in sensation |
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By the term _____, Hume meant “all our more lively perceptions”
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a. Knowledge
b. Idea c. Impression d. Primary quality e. Secondary quality |
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According to Hume, the self is ____
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a. Transcendent
b. Bundle of perceptions c. A self-subsistent entity d. A divine being e. C and d only |
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Hume analyze causation in terms of _____
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a. Inductive certainty
b. Necessary connection c. Constant conjunction d. Logical conjunction e. Metaphysical connection |
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____ is the attempt to discover the most pervasive characteristics of existence
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a) Epistemology
b) Metaphysics c) Philosophy d) Religion e) Existentialism |
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Saint Augustine ____
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a) was an idealist/dualist
b) was a materialist c) was a pragmatist d) thought of reality as an illusion e) thought of reality as a continuum with humans somewhere in the middle |
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____ Is the view that matter is the ultimate constituent of reality
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a) Idealism
b) Materialism c) Pragmatism d) Existentialism e) Phenomenology |
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____&____ were materialists
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a) Thomas Hobbes, Democritus
b) George Berkeley, Isaac Newton c) Jean-Paul Sartre, Thomas Hobbes d) Pierre Laplace, Norman Malcolm e) Goethe, Pythagoras |
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Materialists would _____.
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a) embrace the scientific method
b) embrace determinism c) are reductionists d) party hard on grade trip e) all of the above |
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The neutrino has _____.
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a) no mass
b) no charge c) no magnetic field d) all of the above e) none of the above |
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_____&____ were idealists
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a) David Miller, Andre Wittmann
b) Pythagoras, Pierre Laplace c) Thomas Hobbes, Heraclitus d) John Leslie, George Berkeley e) Jean-Paul Sartre, Plato |
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____is the belief that reality is essentially idea, thought or mind
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a) Idealism
b) Materialism c) Pragmatism d) Essentialism e) Existentialism |
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___ states that the world consists of my own mind & things dependent on it
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a) solipsism or subjective idealism
b) Objective Idealism c) Pragmatic Idealism d) Phenomenology e) Egoism |
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____ is a term used to express the fact that the objects of consciousness do not exist.
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a) Idealism
b) Awareness c) Intentionality d) Phenomenology e) Reductionism |
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Idealists _____.
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a) find purpose, order, or meaning in the workings of things
b) believe in mind, spirit, or thought as what is ultimately real c) are reductionist d) all of the above e) none of the above |
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Pragmatism _____.
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a) rejects all absolute assumptions about reality
b) proposes an empirical criterion of meaning c) results in a pluralistic picture of reality d) all of the above e) none of the above |
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For ____, pragmatism was a tool for understanding the function of ideas in fostering reasoned consensus.
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a) C.S. Peirce
b) John Dewey c) William James d) Herbert Spencer e) Edmund Husserl |
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For ___, pragmatism was a tool for social criticism and reassessment of the functions of education, the arts, etc.
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a) C.S Peirce
b) John Dewey c) William James d) Herbert Spencer e) Edmund Husserl |
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For _____, pragmatism was a tool for understanding the function of ideas in personal experience as instruments of will and desire.
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a) C.S Peirce
b) John Dewey c) William James d) Herbert Spencer e) Edmund Husserl |
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Materialism or realism claims that there exists a real world with features that are independent of ____.
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a) our language
b) our perceptions c) our beliefs d) our thoughts e) all of the above |
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____ is the study of what appears to consciousness
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a) Idealism
b) Existentialism c) Pragmatism d) Phenomenology e) Solipsism |
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____&____ were phenomenologists
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a) Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus
b) Martin Heidegger, Paul Tillich c) Martin Heidegger, Martin Buberg d) Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty e) George Berkley, Edmund Husserl |
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Phenomenology and existentialism both _____.
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a) are unsympathetic to science as a cognitive enterprise
b) stress contemplation of truth c) are critical of abstractions d) all of the above e) a & c only |
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According to Friedrich Nietzsche _____.
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a) God is dead
b) everything that has ever happened will again and again into infinity c) mathematics is the key to understanding reality d) all of the above e) none of the above |
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____&____ were existentialists.
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a) Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger
b) Paul Tillich, Edmund Husserl c) Martin Heidegger, Martin Buber d) Edmund Husserl, Maurice Merleau-Ponty e) none of the above |
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___ claimed that animals have no reason at all
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a) Martin Heidegger
b) George Berkley c) Rene Descartes d) George Berkeley e) Plato |
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According to Metaphysical Collectivism, corporations are ____.
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a) like living organisms
b) like military organizations c) an illusion d) just e) illegal |
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According to Thomas Hobbes, ____ is the origin of all thought
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a) reason
b) sensation c) mysticism d) imagination e) instinct |
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For Hobbes, decaying sense can be either ____ or ____.
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a) imagination, reason
b) imagination, memory c) unguided, regulated d) random, guided e) reason, memory |
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For Hobbes, mental discourse can be either _____ or ____.
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a) imagination, reason
b) imagination, memory c) unguided, regulated d) random, guided e) reason, memory |
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According to Hobbes, quarrels are caused by _____.
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a) competition
b) diffidence c) glory d) all of the above e) none of the above |
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Hobbes used the term Leviathan for ____.
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a) monster
b) government c) desire d) tyrant e) religious myth |
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The phrase esse est percipi means _____.
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a) I think therefore I am
b) unexamined life is not worth living c) know thyself d) to exist is to be perceived e) existence precedes essence |
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The phrase esse est percipi is associated with ____.
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a) David Hume
b) Rene Descartes c) Thomas Hobbes d) George Berkeley e) Thomas Aquinas |
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According to George Berkeley, experience reveals ____.
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a) only one sort of existence
b) two sorts of existence c) three sorts of existence d) four sorts of existence e) no sorts of existence |
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According to George Berkeley, the objects of consciousness are ____.
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a) of one type
b) of two types c) of three types d) of four types e) of five types |
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Anthropomorphism is the fallacy of ______.
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a) giving human characteristics to nonhuman things
b) giving nonhuman characteristics to humans c) making human opinion the measure of all things d) misunderstanding the human condition e) humans becoming gods |
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According to Thomas Hobbes, the last appetite in deliberating is ____.
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a) love
b) hate c) desire d) will e) resolve |
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George Berkeley wrote ____.
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a) Leviathan
b) Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge c) Candied d) Critique of Pure Reason e) Essay Concerning Human Behaviour |
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____ said “He who has a way to live for can bear almost any how”
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a) Hobbes
b) Berkeley c) Frank d) Nietzsche e) Risto |
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____argued that there must be parallel universes
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a) Max Tegmark
b) Albert Einstein c) Issac Newton d) Stephen Hawking e) David Hume |
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Ontology is the study of ____.
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a) the nature of being and existence
b) the existence of God f) the destiny of the universe c) terminology and concepts d) the branch of biological ontogenesis |
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There are many different ___ that apply to individual substance or essential property
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a) terms
b) qualities c) quantities d) universals e) atoms |
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An argument against Idealism is ____.
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a) the nature of sense perception
b) the nature of bodily action c) the physical brain d) language e) all of the above |
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___ states that reality is dependent upon conceptions of that society
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a) a Solipsism
b) Social Idealism c) Divine Idealism d) Sexist Idealism e) Pedagogical Idealisms |
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Some atomist philosophers are ____.
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a) Pascal
b) Kierkegaard c) Heidegger d) Sartre e) none of the above |
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____ said that ultimate reality is independent of our minds and intrinsically unknowable
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a) Hume
b) Nietzsche c) Plato d) Hobbes e) Kant |
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Aristotle’s 4 Causes is a ____ theory
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a) metaphysical
b) ethical c) epistemological d) cosmological e) none of the above |
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Plato’s Forms is a ____ theory.
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a) metaphysical
b) ethical c) epistemological d) cosmological e) none of the above |
