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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is claustrophobia? |
Fear of not being able to “escape” or being trapped |
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What are some common places for claustrophobia reactions? |
Elevator, tight tubes |
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What are some things in an MRI exam that the patient may be anxious about? |
- Confined space of the MRI scanning bore - Length of the examination - Noise - Restricted movement - Additional equipment (RF coils) strapped on patient - Head coil - The Unknown - Fear over the MRI exam/results - Possible stress over injection of contrast |
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What are some visible signs of claustrophobia? |
Fidgeting, Little or not eye contact, sweating, shaking/trembling, asking more questions that normal, hyperventilation |
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What are some non-visible signs of claustrophobia? |
Dry mouth, “Butterflies” in stomach, Tightness in chest, Urge to go to the bathroom, Nausea, Headache, Accelerated heart rate, Increased blood pressure, Increases temperature |
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What are some impacts of claustrophobia on the department? |
Wasted time on multiple scans, etc, decreased image qualtiy |
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What can we do to ease the patients' nerves for the exam? |
- Use a more open bore magnetic - educate the patient on what to expect for the exam (use carefully selected words) - allow friend or family member in the room - maintain contact with patient - use headphones for music - place the patient feet first - use mirrors or face cloth - use mild sedation |
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Who is able to prescribe sedatives to the patient? |
The referring doctor |
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What are the types of monitoring? |
Visual, verbal, physiological |
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What might you monitor? |
Heart rate (ECG), Blood Pressure, Respiratory rate, apnea, O2 saturation, temperature. |
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What is normal adult temperature? |
37°C or 98.6°F |
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What is considered a normal variation of adult temperature? |
0.5°to 1° |
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What are the 4 normal sites for takingtemperature? |
Oral, tympanic, rectal and axillary |
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What is a normal adult resting pulse rate? |
60-90 beats/minute
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What is the average infant heart rate? |
120 beats/minute |
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What is Tachycardia |
Abnormally fast - Over 100 beats/minute |
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What is Bradycardia |
Abnormally slow – Below 60 beats/minute |
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What are normal SaO2 values? Anything below ______ means the tissue is not gettingenough oxygen |
95% - 100%
85% |
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Remember that EKG’s are “normally” affected by the____________________. |
Static Magnetic Field |
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• A “normal” EKG in the MRI suite will have an elevated______ wave |
T |
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Respiratory, Nursing and Anesthesia personnel– What type of prep do they need before they can work inthe MRI environment? |
• Screening • Removal of all metal/ferromagnetic objects • MRI safe equipment • Education |
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Which magnetic field is responsible for the missile effect? |
Static magnetic field |
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_________ is produced by the administration of drugs or combination ofdrugs that depresses the level of consciousness whileretaining the ability to maintain the patient's airway |
Sedation |
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A state of depressed consciousness from which the patient isnot arousable and in which partial or complete loss ofprotective reflexes, including the ability to maintain apatient's airway. |
Anesthesia |
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Describe Score 1 Sedation (Minimal sedation) |
- patients may respond normally to verbal commands - Cognitive function and co-ordination may be affected – Respiratory and cardiac function are minimally affected |
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Describe Score 2 Sedation (Moderate sedation) |
- airway and protective reflexes are present – Patients may be sleeping but easily aroused with light ,tactile stimulation or verbal commands |
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Describe Score 3 Sedation (Deep Sedation) |
- patient is not easily roused - May be accompanied by a partial or complete loss ofprotective airway reflexes - usually not able to respond purposefully tophysical or verbal stimulation |
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What are some advantages of GS over Sedation? |
- the time in which unconsciousness is achieved ispredictable - the patient will have an IV that allows for accessfor the administration of contrast or emergency drugs - a trained anesthetist is present during both theexam and recovery should an emergency arise - an endotracheal or laryngeal mask is inserted,thus securing the airway - patients often wake up faster from a carefullybalanced anesthetic than they do from sedation |
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What are some disadvantages of GA? |
- requires an anesthetist and anesthetic nurse and is thereforecostly - requires MRI Safe or MR Conditional anesthetic equipment - The extra personnel and equipment increase the likelihood ofa breach of magnet safety protocols - it is somewhat disruptive to the schedule especially if severalchildren are being anesthetized in one session |
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What are some types of Anti Anxiety Medications? |
Alprazolam (Xanax): PO Lorazepam (Ativan): PO, IM, IV Diazepam (Valium): PO, IM, IV |
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What are some types of hypnotic medications? |
Midazolam (Versed), Zolpidem (Ambien) |
