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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
State congenital abnormalities of the anterior uvea |
1. Persistent pupillary membrane (PPM) - remnants of the vasculasa lentis seen at the iris collarette. Focal lens opacity present if adherent to corneal endothelium 2. Heterochromia irides 3. Coloboma - notch in iris |
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State acquired anomalies |
1. Iris atrophy 2. Iris cyst 3. Anterior uveitis 4. Uveal neoplasia |
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State clinical findings associated with iris atrophy |
1. Decreased to absent PLR 2. Dilated pupil 3. Photophobia |
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State 3 aetiologies of iris atropy |
Age related, 2° to glaucoma or chronic uveitis |
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Iris cyst arise from where? Describe |
Arise from posterior iris epithelium. They transilluminate unlike neoplasia (melanoma). Free-fliating in dogs. Attached to the pupillary margin in cats. |
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State non-infectious aetiologies of anterior uveitis |
1. Trauma - release of inflammatory mediators. Trigeminal reflex 2. Lens induced uveitis - phacolytic (1°- leaks; ccs responsive) vs. phacoclastic (2° - rupture, severe). Rapid cataract. 3. 2° to neoplasia or abscess - trigeminal reflex 4. Uvodermatological syndrome -IM response to melanocytes; retinal detachment + glaucoma . Akita, samoyed, malamute, husky. 5. Equine recurrent uveitis - previous lepto or onchocerca cervicalis infection 6. Idiopathic
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State infectious aetiologies of anterior uveitis in dogs |
1. Fungal - granulomatous chorioretinitis and optic neuritis. 2. Ehrlichiosis 3. Rickettsia Rickettsia - necrotizing vasculitis 4. Toxoplasmosis 5. Bacterial - infectious canine hepatitis (type 1 adenovirus) - blue eye. Type 2 for vacvines. 6. Parasites - dirofilaria immitis . Immature can be in eye. Also fly larva. |
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What 4 agents caue fungal anterior uveitis ? |
Blastomycosis dermatitidis, cryptococcosis neoformans, histoplasmosis capsulation, coccidioides immitis |
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State infectious aetiologies of anterior uveitis in cats |
1. FIV - lentivirus. 2. FIP - coronavirus. 1° lesion - generalized vasculitis causing pyogranulomatous panuveitis or granulomatous anterior uveitis 3. FeLV - tan-pink choroid masses (LSC). + retinal haemorrage + severe anemia. |
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State infectious aetiologies of anterior uveitis in horse |
1. Lepto 2. Strep. 3. Brucellosis 4. Septicaemia 5. Onchocerca cervicalis 6. Equine viral arteritis 7. Toxoplasmosis 8. Influenza |
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What clinical signs are associated with anterior uveitis? |
1. Pain signs (blepharospasm, epiphora, Photophobia, enophthalmos) 2. Bulbar conjuctival hyperemia and scleral injection 3. Corneal edema and miosis (anisocoria + incomplete dilation with mydratics) via inflammatory mediators 4. Aqueous flare 5. Hypopyon - break down of bab 6. Thick, hazy, dark iris 7. Keratic precipitate 8. Hypotony -> decreased aqueous production 9. Rubecosis iridis 10. Corneal vascularization (360° in growth from linbus) |
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What diagnostics and treatment are used for the following causes of anterior uveitis: A. Fungal B. Ehrlichiosis C. Rickettsia Rickettsia D. Toxoplasmosis gondii E. Infectious canine hepatitis F. FIV G. FIP H. FeLV |
A. Vitreous centesis - topical/systemic antifungal B. Serology - tetracycline and symptomatic C. Rising IFA titre - same B D. Blood/aqueous titres, histopatholgy - clindamycin or trimethoprim sulpha E. ELISA, serology - BS antibiotics F. ELISA - symptomatic G. Serology, CS - symptomatic H. ELISA - symptomatic and chem
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What sequale may follow chronic uveitis? |
1. Synechiae 2. Corneal odema 3. Cataract 4. Pthisis bulbi 5. Lens luxation 6. Retinal detachment 7. Retinal degeneration (vascular attenuation, tapetal hyper-reflectivity) 8. Glaucoma |
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T/F. Aqueous centesis is mainly for anterior uveitis dx while virtuous centesis is for both |
True |
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What are the goals of tx for chronic uveitis ? |
1. Stabilize BAB. 2. Decrease pain 3. Stop synechiae 4. Decrease inflammatory reaction |
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State treatment options for chronic uveitis |
1. Topical 0.1% dexamethasone or 1% prednisolone QID to every hourv (unless ulcers ) 2. Subconjunctival ccs 1 per 2week; 0.2mls of triamcinolone acetonide or methylprednisolone (40mg/ml) 3. Systemic ccs if severe. Soludelta cortref (1-2 mg/kg BID)
4. Topical 1% atropine QID to Q1hr (unless glaucoma )
5. Systemic NSAIDS flunixin meglumine 0.5-10mg/kg in horse 6. Topical NSAIDS suprofen QID (unless ulcers)
7. Topical sympathetomimetic - 10% phenylephrine + atropine
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What is the effect of atropine in the eye? |
1 . dilation of pupil 2. Alleviate ciliary spasms 3. Decrease potential for iris bombe 4. Stabilize BAB |
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State 2 primary uveal neoplasms |
Adenoma or adenocarcinoma, melanoma (most common) |
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State 2° uveal neoplasms |
LSC (most common), adenocarcinoma from mammary or renal, SCC |
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Describe Uveal neoplasms |
Cats - diffuse infiltrates or iris patch to a thick dark iris with mets. Dog - discrete nodular mass |
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How are uveal neoplasms treated |
Laser photo coagulation of 1° in dog. Enucleation if large or in cats. Chemo in 2° |
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Describe horners syndrome |
Miosis (sympathetic decrease) ptosis (decreased signal to superior tarsal m.) Enophthalmos (decreased signal to band m.) 3rd eyelid protrusion |
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What locations can cause horners syndrome and the dx tool? |
Pre ganglion - chest xray Post ganglion - vestibular dzz and facial paralysis Central- CNS signs |
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State causes of horners syndrome |
Neoplasia , brachial plexus evulsion, gutteral pouch mycosis |