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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Valve 1
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LIPS
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Valve 2
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TONGUE
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Valve 3
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GLOSSOPALATAL VALVE
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Valve 4
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VELOPHARYNGEAL PORT
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Valve 5
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LARYNX
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Valve 6
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CRICOPHARYNGEAL VALVE or UPPER ESOPHOGEAL SPHINCTER
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Valve 1: LIPS
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Obicularis oris is needed to close around a spoon, fork, cup or straw to capture food and liquid in the oral cavity, preventing anterior spillage.
Lip closure is maintained through the oropharyngeal stages of the swallow. Labial closure permits mastication without loss of food from the mouth and the generation of pressure in the oral cavity to propel the bolus posteriorly during the oral transit stage. |
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Valve 2: TONGUE
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Most mobile valve in the upper digestive tract.
Involved in very different ways in the oral prep, oral transit, and pharyngeal phases of the swallow. The tongue is composed almost entirely of muscle fibers going in all directions within the tongue. |
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Valve 3: GLOSSOPALATAL VALVE
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Soft palate contact to base of tongue.
Valve operates while holding or gently manipulating a bolus just before oral transit. Prevent premature spillage into the pharynx and widens the nasal airway to ensure nasal breathing. Not operative during active mastication, so spillage into valleculae during mastication is normal. |
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Valve 4: VELOPHARYNGEAL PORT
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Closes during the swallow to prevent the entry of food or liquid into the nasal cavity (nasal regurgitation).
It is accomplished using velar elevation and retraction in combination with the anterior movement of the posterior pharyngeal wall and the medial movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls. |
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Valve 5: LARYNX
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Closes at different levels during the swallow to prevent the entry of food/liquid into the airway:
True vocal folds close False vocal folds close Anterior tilting of the arytenoid cartilages to contact the base of the epiglottis and close the laryngeal entrance. The epiglottis inverts to cover the top of the airway. **The airway closes as the larynx achieves approximately 50% of its elevation. |
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Valve 6: CRICOPHARYNGEAL VALVE or UPPER ESPOHAGEAL SPHINCTER
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Prevents the entry of air into the esophagus during respiration.
Allows the bolus to enter the esophagus during the swallow and immediately closes to prevent backflow into the pyriform sinuses. |