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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Difficulty swallowing. Refers specifically to difficulty passing solids and/or liquids from the mouth to the stomach.
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Dysphagia
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Pain associated with swallowing. May or may not accompany dysphagia. Generally caused by painful lesions in the mouth.
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Odynophagia
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Odynophagia by itself is difficulty swallowing secondary to _____. After swallowing is initiated, food passes easily from oropharynx to stomach.
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Pain
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What are the most common causes of odynophagia?
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Herpes simplex and Candida stomatitis
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Sensation of a lump in the throat.
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Globus hystericus
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When a patient has globus hystericus, they complain of a sensation of something in the back of the throat all the time. This conveys a sense of ___________.
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Dysphagia
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Is swallowing normal in globus hystericus?
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Yes. The sense of the 'lump' disappears transiently with swallowing.
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What is the primary cause of globus hystericus?
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Tightening of the upper esophageal sphincter.
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Is globus hystericus benign or malignant?
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Benign
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Lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax, causing a dilation of the upper esophagus.
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Achalasia
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Two causes of true dysphagia are _____________ and diffuse ___________ spasm.
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Achalasia, esophageal
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Synchronous contraction of the esophagus. Lack of orderly peristalsis (may be periods of normal peristalsis)
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Diffuse esophageal spasm
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The forcible voluntary or involuntary emptying of the stomach contents through the mouth.
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Vomiting
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Flow of material back up the esophagus into the throat or lungs.
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Regurgitation
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The first discrimination that must be made with the diagnosis of dysphagia is whether the problem is ______________ or esophageal.
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Oropharyngeal
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This type of dysphagia can be further divided into psychological, structural or neuromuscular.
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Oropharyngeal dysphagia
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This type of dysphagia can be further subdivided into structural or neuromuscular.
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Esophageal dysphagia
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If dysphagia presents with heartburn, _________ must be considered.
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GERD
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Immediate/delayed difficulty with swallowing indicates an oropharyngeal origin of dysphagia.
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Immediate
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Immediate/delayed difficulty with swallowing indicates an esophageal origin of dysphagia.
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Delayed
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When food sticks further down, seconds after swallowing is initiated, what kind of dyphagia does the patient have?
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Esophageal
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When there is difficulty initiating swallowing, choking or nasal regurgitation, what kind of dysphagia does the patient have?
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Oropharyngeal
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Tumors and Zenker's diverticulum are causes of ____________ oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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Structural
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Myasthenia gravis, CNS tumors, cerebrovascular accidents, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and polymyositis are causes of ___________ oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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Neuromuscular/toxic/metabolic
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Xerostomia and globus hystericus are causes of ________ oropharyngeal dysphagia.
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Functional/psychological
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This is the medical term for dry mouth.
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Xerostomia
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What is the first step in taking dysphagia history?
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Is dysphagia present?
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What is the second step in taking dysphagia history?
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Is it esophageal or oropharyngeal in location?
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What is the third step in taking dysphagia history?
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Is this a structural abnormality or a motor disorder?
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Swallowing difficulty that is progressing over time is suggestive of a _____________ lesion. (Give example)
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Progressive (carcinoma)
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Swallowing difficulty that remains fixed with certain sized quantities of food is suggestive of a ___________ abnormality.
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Structural
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If dysphagia is present with both solids and liquids, suspect a ___________ disorder.
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Motility
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If dysphagia is associated with hiccups, this suggests a problem in the ___________ esophagus.
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Distal
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