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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is dysarthria?
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Neurologically based motor speech disorders that are related to damage of the peripheral or central nervous system.
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What are the impairments related to dysarthria?
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Impairments/decreased ability of muscular control of the speech mechanisms.
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What causes the problems of dysarthria?
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Weakness, incoordination. or paralysis of the speech musculature.
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What are the oral communication problems related to dysarthria?
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prosodic, respiratory,resonator y, articulatory, and phonatory.
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What are the etiologies of dysarthria?
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Parkinsons, and other degenerative neurological diseases.
Non progressive neurological disorders such as stroke, infections, TBI, and surgical trauma. |
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Ataxic Dysarthria
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Results from damage to the cerebellar system with artic and prosodic problems.
BIlateral or generalized cerebellar leisions, TBI,inflammatory conditions, toxic abuse. Characteristics: 1. poor gait control, tremors, head rocking,hypotonia 2. Movement inaccurate where there is over/under shooting of targets, incoordination, jerky, halting 3. Irregular artic breakdiwns 4. prosodiy consisits of extra stress, pauses between words, slow rate of speech 5. phonatory-monopitch,tone,loudness 6. Speech sounds like drunken speech |
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Flaccid Dysarthria
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Lower motor neuron damage
Vascular diseases,brainstem stroke,infections,degenerative diseases, surgical trauma during brain surgery |
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What cranial nerves are damaged in flaccid dysarthria?
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Trigeminal
Facial glossopharyngeal vagus hypoglossal |
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Characteristics of flaccid dysarthria
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various muscular disorders
twitches and contractions of muscles rapid and progressive muscle weakness respiratory weakness,cranial nerve weakness phonatory-breathy,audible inspiration,short phrases resonance-hypernasailty,imprecise consonant,nasal emissions phonatory-harsh,monopitch and loudness |
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Hyperkenetic Dysarthria
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Damage to the basil ganglia
Degenerative, vascular, and traumatic, infectious,neoplastic,metabolic causes. Muscles oft eh face, jaw, larynx,palate, and respiration are effected. |
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Characteristics of Hyperkenetic Dysarthria
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Movement disorders-involuntary mvmt of facial muscles, tics of face and shoulders,tremors,
dystonia strained voice, noisy quality slow rate of speaking audible inspiration inconsistent artic problems |
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Hypokenetic Dysarthria
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Damage to the basil ganglia
Causes: Parkinson's Alzheimer's, picks disease, vascular disorders, strokes,head trauma. |
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Characteristics of Hypokinetic dysarthria
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Tremors of the face, limbs that diminish when moved voluntary, mask like appearance, small writing, walking disorders, postural disturbances, decreased swallowing,monopitch, low itch, monoloudness, harsh and breathy voice, reduced stress, inappropriate silent intervals, short rushes of speech,articulation includes repetitions of phonemes, hypernasality
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Spastic Dysarthria
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Bilateral damage to the upper motor neurons with multiple lesions in multiple areas.
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Characteristics of Spastic Dysarthria
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Spacticity and weakness, bilateral facial weakness, normal jaw strength
Movement disorders-reduced ROM ans slowness, loss of facial muscle tome, hyperactive gag reflex,inadequate VP Port closure, hyperadduction of VF, vowel distortions, breathy voice,harsh, low pitch, strained/strangled voice,hypernasailty. |
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Mixed Dysarthria
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This is a combination of 2 or more dysarthrias,
2 most common forms are spastic--flaccid and ataxic-spastic dysarthria |
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Flaccid-spastic dysarthria Characteristics
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hypernasal speech, imprecise consonants, harsh voice,slow rate, monopitch/tone,vowel distortions,strained/strangled quality,breathiness, audible inspiration and nasal emissions,
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Mixed ataxic-spastic dysarthria characteristics
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Impaired loudness control, harsh voice quality, imprecise artic, hypernasailty, inappropriate pitch levels, sudden artic breakdowns,
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UUMN Dysarthria
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Damage to the upper motor neurons that involve the cranial and spinal nerves in speech production.
Dysarthria related to vascular disorders result in Left Hemi lesions and may coexist with aphasia and or apraxia. Dysarthria due to r hemi lesions may coexist with r hemi syndromes |
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UUMN dysarthria characteristics
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Unilateral lower facial weakness, tongue, palate weakness,andhemiparesis
Artic breakdowns(irreg), harsh voice, reduced loudness,strained voice slow rate/prosody,excess and equal stress, mono pitch and loudness, low pitch, short phrase length hypernasality and dysphagia, apraxia, aphasia |
