D&t: Neoplasia

Front 1

What is another word for fibroid?

Back 1

leiomyomas

Front 2

In a benign neoplasia, do you have dysplasia?

Back 2

no, not usually.

Front 3

Can colonic adenomas progress to carcinoma?

Back 3

Yes.

Front 4

What is a paraneoplastic syndrome? What type of neoplasm is this most commonly associated with? Common locale?
Can a adrenal cortex adenoma cause paraneoplastic syndrome?

Back 4

symtoms not due to the local presense of neoplastic cells, rather, due to secretion of humoral factors by tumor cells.
Malignant neoplasm.
Lung

Not typically. PneoS requires tumor producing something wrong in the wrong place...this wouldn't fit with ACA. ---look at Rubin's for this bit to see if a pituitary tumor would qualify---

Front 5

Place in Order: Carcinoma, Dypslasia, Carcinoma in situ

Differentiate b/t them.

Back 5

D, CiS, C
Dysplasia
Abnormal appearing cells
Abnormal cellular architecture
Reversible
Can be mild, moderate or severe depending on the extent of involvement
Carcinoma in situ
Dysplastic changes involving the full thickness of the epithelium
Cells do not extend beyond the basement membrane
Carcinoma
Invade surrounding tissue - malignant cells with atypical morphology extend beyond the basement membrane

Front 6

Could a benign tumor cause paraneoplastic syndrome?

Back 6

Yes.

Front 7

What does 'sarcoma' refer to?

Back 7

malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin

Front 8

What does 'carcinoma' refer to?

Back 8

malig. neop. of epithelium

Front 9

What is a teratoma?

Back 9

A malig. neop. that can produce ALL types of cells.

Front 10

What is the most common of the solid tumors?

Back 10

carcinoma

Front 11

In which populations are sarcomas most common?

Back 11

children and adolescents

Front 12

Malignant neoplasms are associated histologically with: (4)

Back 12

Atypia / anaplasia / pleomorphism
Poorly circumscribed / invasive border
High mitotic rate
Metastatases

Front 13

Is there always a stepwise progression of tumor development?

Back 13

No

Front 14

What are three histological features of carcinoma, re: cell #, cell organization, and nuc:cyto?

Back 14

more cells, less organized, and more nucleus wrt cytoplasm

Front 15

What is an oncogene? tumor suppressor gene?

Back 15

gene that promotes growth
deletion allows growth to go on.

Front 16

Usually, a series of mutational events accumulate to promote autonomous ________. Rare exception to this model?

Back 16

neoplastic growth
Chronic myeloid leukemia

Front 17

Of the following, which can be physiologica or pathologic, and which can be only pathologic?
Hyperplasia, Hypertrophy, Neoplasia, Dysplasia, Metaplasia

Back 17

Both: HyperP, HyperT, MetaP
Patho: DysP, NeoP

Front 18

What is hyperplasia? What is it usually associated with?

Back 18

increase in cell #, increase in tissue mass (hypertrophy)

Front 19

In a diagnostic work up of a cancer patient, we must identify: (2)
Accurate diagnosis provides basis for __________ therapy.

Back 19

type of tumor, extent of disease

Evidence-based

Front 20

What does histologic grade refer to? What are the grades?

Back 20

level of differentiation Well, moderately, poorly.

Front 21

Anatomic stage refers to...

Back 21

.... extent of spread
Tumor Size, Node involvement, Metastasis

Front 22

Are there overlaps between hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, and neoplasia?

Back 22

yes.

Front 23

What is hypertrophy? How is it different from swelling?

Back 23

increase in cell size due to production of new subcellular components (not swelling)

Front 24

What is metaplasia? It it spontaneous? Is it reversible?

Back 24

change of one differentiated cell type into another differentiated cell type. Usually an adaptive response. Usually reversible.

Front 25

Dysplasia is...

Back 25

an atypical proliferation of cells with abnormal appearance & disorderly arrangement.

Front 26

what is pleomorphism?

Back 26

variation in size and shape

Front 27

what is hyperchromasia?

Back 27

dark staining of nuclei

Front 28

what is neoplasia? They can be ______ or _______. What is an anaplastic neoplasia?

Back 28

Abnormal growth of tissue, literally "new growth." Benign or malignant.

Undifferentiated neoplasia.

Front 29

Which of the -plasia's is typically characterized as uncoordinated and autonomous?

Back 29

Neoplasia

Front 30

what is pleomorphism?

Back 30

variation in size and shape

Front 31

what is hyperchromasia?

Back 31

dark staining of nuclei

Front 32

what is neoplasia? They can be ______ or _______. What is an anaplastic neoplasia?

Back 32

Abnormal growth of tissue, literally "new growth." Benign or malignant.

Undifferentiated neoplasia.

Front 33

Which of the -plasia's is typically characterized as uncoordinated and autonomous?

Back 33

Neoplasia

Front 34

Are there overlaps between hyperplasia, metaplasia, dysplasia, and neoplasia?

Back 34

yes.

Front 35

What is hypertrophy? How is it different from swelling?

Back 35

increase in cell size due to production of new subcellular components (not swelling)

Front 36

What is metaplasia? It it spontaneous? Is it reversible?

Back 36

change of one differentiated cell type into another differentiated cell type. Usually an adaptive response. Usually reversible.

Front 37

Dysplasia is...

Back 37

an atypical proliferation of cells with abnormal appearance & disorderly arrangement.

Front 38

Generally, which suffix is typically added for benign neoplasms?

Back 38

-oma

Front 39

What does -oma mean? What can it be added to?

Back 39

swelling, or tumor
may indicated non-neoplastic condition, benign neoplasm, or malig. neoplasm

Front 40

What are some histological features of benign neoplasm?

Back 40

usually resembles normal counterpart. Histologically well differentiated
low mitotic rate
generally well circumscribed
do not metastasize (rare that this happens)