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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Lispro
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Rapid acting
inject within 15 minutes of meals |
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Lispro: Onset, Peak and Duration
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15 minutes
60-90 minutes 3-4 hrs |
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Aspart
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rapid acting
inject within 15 minutes of meal |
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Aspart: Onset, Peak and Duration
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15 minutes
60-90 minutes 3-4 hours |
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Glulisine
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rapid acting should be injected within 15 minutes of meals
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Glulisine
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15 minutes
60-90 minutes 3-4 hours |
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Regular Insulin
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short-acting insulin
clear in color |
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Regular Insulin: Onset, Peak and Duration
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30 min-1 hr
2-3 hrs 3-6 hrs |
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NPH
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intermediate-acting insulin
cloudy in color |
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NPH: Onset, Peak and Duration
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2-4 hours
4-10 hours 10-16 hours |
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Lente
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Intermediate-acting insulin
cloudy in color |
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Lente: Onset, Peak and Duration
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2-4 hrs
4-10 hrs 10-16 hrs |
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Glargine
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Long-acting Insulin
DO NOT GIVE IV OR MIX WITH OTHER INSULINS |
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Glargine: Onset, Peak and Duration
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1-2 hrs
no peak 24+ hrs |
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Detemir
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Long-acting Insuline
DO NOT GIVE IV OR MIX WITH OTHER INSULINS |
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Detemir
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1-2 hrs
no peak 24+hrs |
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NPH/regular 70/30
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Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30, ReliOn 70/30
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NPH/regular 50/50
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Humulin 50/50
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lispro protamine/lispro 75/25
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Humalog 75/25
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aspart protamine/aspart 70/30
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Novolog Mix 70/30
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Sulfonylureas
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-Stimulate release of insulin from the pancreas
-Decrease glycogenolysis -enhance cellular sensitivity to insulin |
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Side effects of Sulfonylureas
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weight gain
hypoglycemia |
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Sulfonylureas are known as the
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"ides"
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Glipizide (Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL)
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Sulfonylureas
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Glyburide (Micronase, DiaBeta, Glynase)
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Sulfonylurea
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Glimepiride (Amaryl)
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Sullfonylurea
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Meglitinides
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Stimulates a rapid and short-lived release of insulin from the pancreas
|
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side effects of Meglitinides
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weight gain and hypoglycemia
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Repaglinide (Prandin)
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Meglitinide
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Nateglinide (Starlix)
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Meglitinide
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Decrease the rate of hepatic glucose production; augments glucose uptake by tissues, especially muscles
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Biguanide
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Side effects of Biguanide
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Diarrhea, lactic acidosis
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Hold Biguanide (metformin).....
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48 hours after administration of IV contrast
|
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Metformin (glucophage, Glucophage XR, Riomet, Fortamet)
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Biguanide
|
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delays the absorption of glucose from the GI tract
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Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
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Side effects of Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
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gas, abdominal pain, diarrhea
|
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Acarbose (precose)
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Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
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Miglitol (Glyset)
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Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
|
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increases glucose uptake in muscles
decreases endogenous glucose production |
Thiazolidinediones
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side effects of Thiazolidinediones
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weight gain, edema, not for patients with heart failure
|
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Pioglitazone (Actos)
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Thiazolidinediones
|
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Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
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Thiazolidinediones
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
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enhances the incretin system, stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic B cells
decreases hepatic glucose production |
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side effects of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
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URI, sore throat, headache, diarrhea
|
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Sitagliptin (Januvia)
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
|
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Vildaglipton (Galvus)
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Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors
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Incretin mimetic
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stimulates release of insulin, decreases glucagon secretion, increase satiety, decreases gastric empyting
|
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side effects of Incretin mimetic
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n&V, hypoglycemia, diarrhea, headache
|
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Exenatide (Byetta)
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Incretin Mimetic
|
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decrease gastric emptying, decrease glucagon secretion, decreases endogenous glucose output from liver, increase satiety
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Amylin Analog
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Side effect of Amylin Analog
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Hypoglycemia, N&V, decreased appetite and headache
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Amylin Analog is given
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subQ in thigh or abdomen only!
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Incretin Mimetic is given
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subQ
|
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Glucovance
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combo of Metformin & Glyburide
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Avandamet
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combo Rosiglitazone & Metformin
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Metaglip
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combo Metformin & Glipizide
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Duetact
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combo Pioglitazone and Glimepiride
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Side effects of combo therapy
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Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, lactic acidosis, weight gain, hypoglycemia
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What drug is given to prediabetics to prevent diabetes
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Biguanide (metformin)
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This class of drug is the treatment of choice in Type 2 diabetes
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sulfonylureas
|
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Meglitinides are more rapidly absorbed and eliminated therefore you should take it
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30 minutes before meals
|
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this class of drugs is also known as "starch blockers"
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alpha glucosidase inhibitors
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Alpha glucosidase inhibitors are taken
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with first bite of food
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