Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fermentation
|
process of converting natural sugars into ethylalcohol by the action of yeasts
|
|
What percent of alcohol does fermentation produce?
|
12-14%
|
|
distillaiton
|
fermented liquid is boiled and cooled, the condensed product contains higher alcoholic concentration than before
|
|
What percent of alcohol does distillation produce?
|
40-50%
|
|
How much wine is equal to 1/2 oz of alcohol?
|
5 oz. of wine
|
|
How much beer is equal to 1/2 oz of alcohol
|
12 oz of beer
|
|
How much of a wine cooler is equal to 1/2 oz of alcohol?
|
12 oz of wine cooler
|
|
How much of a shot is equal to 1/2 oz of alcohol?
|
one shot (1.5)
|
|
alcohol dehydrogenase
|
enzyme that breaks downs alcohol into acetaldehyde in stomach and liver
|
|
BAC depends on:
|
1) amount consumed
2) body size 3) food in stomach |
|
BAC
|
number of grams of alcohol in blood relative to 100 mm of blood
|
|
Body's protection against alcohol (2)
|
1) pass out
2) throw up |
|
Physical Effects of Alcohol (4)
|
1) heat loss
2) urination 3) drug interactions 4) increase violence and agression |
|
Moderate Drinking
|
men- no more than 2 a day
women- no more than 1 a day |
|
fatty liver
|
-abnormal amount of fatty deposits in cells
-effect of alcohol |
|
alcohol hepatitis
|
inflammation of the liver
-effect of alcohol |
|
alcohol cirrhosis
|
progressive development of scar tissue which chokes blood vessels in liver
|
|
mental effects of alcohol (2)
|
1) dementia
2) wernicke-korsakoff syndrome |
|
Naltrexone
|
reduces craving by releasing dopamine
|
|
Disulfiram
|
causes aversive effect when drug is consumed
|
|
effects of surgeon general's report (3)
|
1) decrease in cig. consumption
2) change in types of cigarettes 3) direct response from CO |
|
Who were the first users of tobacco?
|
Native Americans
|
|
When was tobacco introduced to Europe?
|
1506
|
|
Types of Tobacco (4)
|
1) snuffing
2) chewing 3) cigars 4) cigarettes |
|
18th amendment
|
no sale or production of alcohol
|
|
proof
|
2 times the alcohol %
|
|
factors effecting BAC
|
1) body metabolism
2) fatty foods slow digestion 3) larger body size 4) amount of alcohol consumed |
|
10% of drinker consume_______ of the alcohol in the US.
|
50%
|
|
sedatives
|
downers
1) relieve tension 2) calm agitated people 3) sleep aid 4) produce consciousness for surgery |
|
Barbituates
|
-sedative
|
|
barbituates
|
derived from barbituric acid, downer, all end in AL, schedule 1
|
|
types of barbituates
|
1) short acting
2) intermediate acting 3) long acting |
|
phenobarbital
|
a barbituate, long acting, long half life
|
|
cocaine
|
stimulant drug, enhances dopamine
derived from cocoa leave |
|
opium
|
downers, narcotics, reduce feelings of pain
|
|
laudanum
|
opium + alcohol
|
|
ingredients of opium (3)
|
1) heroine
2) morphine 3) thebaine |
|
codeine
|
ingredient of opium, used to treat couging
|
|
heroin
|
in morphine, 3X as strong as morphine
|
|
black tar
|
form of heroin, mexico, brownish in color
|
|
oxycontin
|
used to treat chronic pain, narcotic, highly abused
|
|
methadone
|
synthetic opiate used to detox heroin addicts
|
|
naloxone
|
opiate antagonist for ODS
|
|
naltrexone
|
opiate antagonist for opiate prevention
|
|
3 types of major stimulants
|
1) caffeine
2) cocaine 3) amphetamine |
|
methylanthines
|
1) theobromine
2) theophylline 3) caffeine found in coffee, tea, chocolate |
|
theobromine
|
caffeine found in cocoa
|
|
theophylline
|
caffeine found in tea
|
|
what is a drug dose of caffeine?
|
750 mg
|
|
ritalin
|
stimulant, used for hyperactive kids
|
|
smokeless tobacco
|
snuff, chew
|
|
belladonna
|
plant, all parts posionous
|
|
Adolf von Bayer
|
chemist who created barbituric acid
|
|
phenobarbital
|
long acting barbituate
|
|
amobarbital
|
intermediate barbituate
|
|
pentobarbital
|
short acting barbituate
|
|
methaqualone
|
nonbarbituate sedative hypnotic
|
|
benzodiazepines
|
more tranquilizing effect than barbituates, absorbed slower, higher level of safety
|
|
methylxanthines
|
family of CNS stimulants which contain caffeine
|
|
theobromine
|
stimulant found in chocolate
|
|
theophylline
|
stimulant found in tea
|
|
how much caffeine is in a cup of coffee?
|
100 mg
|
|
how much caffeine is in a cup of tea?
|
60 mg
|
|
how much caffeine is in chocolate?
|
1 oz of chocolate---10 mg
|
|
what is the oldest caffeine containing beverage?
|
tea
|
|
caffeine's effect on the body
|
1) dilates blood
2) increase heart rate 3) blocks effects of adenosine |
|
types of smokeless tobacco
|
snuff
chew |
|
SSRIs
|
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
-used for depression and anxiety -increases serotonin |